Diagnostic accuracy of random plasma glucose and random blood capillary glucose in detecting international association of diabetes and pregnancy study groups- defined hyperglycemia in early pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Maternal hyperglycemia first diagnosed in pregnancy, previously referred to as gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with health consequences for both the mother and her fetus/baby, not only in the short term but also in the long term. Early screening helps to identify women with overt diabetes or those with early onset GDM. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of two screening tests (Random plasma glucose, Random capillary glucose) in relation to 75g Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) done before 24 weeks gestation. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was carried out between 1st February, 2017 and 31st July, 2017, at two teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Two hundred and eighty one (281) pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were selected and screened with both random plasma glucose (RPG) and random capillary glucose (RCG) before 24 weeks of pregnancy. They were then made to undergo 75g OGTT a week later. The diagnostic performance of the screening tests were determined. RESULTS: A total of 270 women had 75g OG. CONCLUSION: Random plasma glucose and Random capillary glucose performed poorly compared to 75g-OGTT in detecting hyperglycemia in early pregnancy.

Gestational age at initiation of antenatal care in a tertiary hospital, Southwestern Nigeria.

CONTEXT: Antenatal care utilization has been shown to be associated with reduction in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality while early initiation provides an opportunity for optimum utilization of this care with improved maternal and fetal outcomes. AIM: This study seeks to determine the time of initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women and possible factors influencing such timing. SETTING: A cross-sectional study involving 530 pregnant women was carried out at the booking clinic of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, between September 03, 2013, and March 04, 2014. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A pretested questionnaire was administered to them to obtain information on their sociodemographic characteristics and factors influencing their timing of antenatal care initiation. RESULTS: The prevalence of early booking in this study was 22.7%, and the mean gestational age at booking was 21.09 ± 6.98 weeks. The age, parity, and occupation of the women and counseling on early booking were significantly associated with early booking among the respondents with P value of 0.010, 0.006, 0.011, and 0.009, respectively while on logistic regression, the occupation of women was the only significant association with early antenatal care initiation (adjusted odd ratio 0.388; confidence interval 0.212-0.710; P = 0.002). Complications experienced in previous pregnancies did not predict early initiation of care. More than half of the respondents (50.9%) gave early monitoring of their pregnancy as the reason for initiating the care. CONCLUSION: Late initiation of antenatal care is still prevalent in our environment. Therefore, pregnant women should be adequately informed about the concept of early antenatal registration.

Perception of personal risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency viral infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among people attending outpatient clinics in a teaching hospital of Nigeria.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic is on the increase with the highest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008 to assess the knowledge, self-perception of risk of contracting HIV infection and risky sexual practices among patients attending some out-patient clinics at the University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The knowledge on the modes of transmission and methods of prevention of HIV was high. Although, 53.0% of the study participants perceived themselves not to be at risk of contracting HIV infection, 80.6% were engaged in risky sexual practices within a year preceding the study. Significantly more participants with multiple sexual partners, past and present history of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) perceived themselves not to be at risk (P= 0.001, 0.008 and 0.001 respectively). Effective strategies must therefore be developed, to enhance risk-perception since poor risk-perception is known to mitigate behavioral change.

Outcome of eclampsia at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife.

OBJECTIVE: Eclampsia is a serious obstetric complication with attending high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is need for periodic audit of our management of these cases so as to identify potential areas for possible intervention aimed at improving the management outcome of this pregnancy complication. METHODS: The records of cases of Eclampsia managed at the OAUTHC Ile-Ife between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2003 were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of Eclampsia was 0.91% of total deliveries. It was highest in teenagers and young adults who are less than 25 years (1.56%), who were carrying their first pregnancy (2.64%) and were unbooked (6.3%). Headache was the commonest symptom (100%), while hypertension and fever were the commonest signs being present in 75% and 20.2% of the patients respectively. Antepartum Eclampsia accounted for 56.5% of the cases and majority was delivered by emergency caesarean section. Maternal and perinatal mortality were 8.0% and 19.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: Provision of good quality and widespread antenatal care, improving the capacities of the hospitals to handle emergencies and intensive care unit management of all cases of Eclampsia are measures that could reduce the burden ofEclampsia in this environment.