Black People Narrate Inequalities in Healthcare Systems that Hinder COVID-19 Vaccination: Evidence from the USA and the UK.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global health emergency. As a novel condition, there is no known definitive treatment for the condition, except for the use of vaccines as a control measure. In the literature, the issue of inequalities in healthcare systems has been documented as a hindrance to COVID-19 vaccination; however, the specific inequalities in healthcare systems that hinder COVID-19 vaccination are poorly understood. Guided by the fundamental cause theory (FCT), this study aims to address this gap among Black people, a minority group vulnerable to inequalities in healthcare systems. Thirty-five Black people (age range = 21-58 years) residing in either the United States of America (USA) or the United Kingdom (UK) participated in this study. Qualitative data were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis. Most USA participants and a few UK participants narrated that no inequalities in healthcare systems hinder them from receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Contrarily, most UK participants and a few USA participants narrated inequalities in healthcare systems that hinder them from receiving COVID-19 vaccines. These are mistrust of the healthcare system, health policies regarding COVID-19 vaccination, historical factors (such as historical abuse of Black bodies by health professionals), residential location, and dissatisfaction with health services. In terms of what governments must do to correct these inequalities, participants recommended the need for acknowledgment and community engagement. This is the first international collaboration to examine this problem. Important implications for theory, healthcare systems, and COVID-19 vaccination program planning are highlighted. Finally, there are members of other minority groups and vulnerable communities who are not Black people. Such groups could face unique inequalities that hinder COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, future studies should include such groups.

Predictors of health expectation and health anxiety among post-salpingectomy patients in Ibadan Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: Salpingectomy is the surgical removal of a fallopian tube, often as a result of tubal pregnancy. Little is known about the role of self-efficacy, health consciousness and health locus of control in health expectation and health anxiety among post-salpingectomy patients. BACKGROUND: An ectopic pregnancy and subsequent salpingectomy could present significant life crises for any woman with far-reaching implications. METHODS: Sixty purposively selected post-salpingectomy women (gravida 0-6; parity 0-4; mean age 34 ± 4.05 years) were included in the cross-sectional survey. A 49-item questionnaire made up of the perceived self-efficacy scale, as well as health consciousness, health orientation, health anxiety and health expectation subscales of Snell's Health Orientation Scale, was used for data collection. Descriptive (means; SD; and %) and inferential (multiple regression; t-test; and Zero-Order correlation) statistics were employed in analysis, with two hypotheses tested at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Health consciousness, health locus of control and self-efficacy jointly predicted health expectation and health anxiety with differences in independent prediction of health expectation and health anxiety. Participants with a low level of health consciousness reported a higher level of health expectation and health anxiety. A low level of self-efficacy yielded a higher level of health expectation. Participants with external health locus of control reported significantly higher levels of health anxiety. CONCLUSION: These psychological factors are pertinent in forecasting health expectation and health anxiety among post-salpingectomy patients. Attention to these psychological factors in the management of patients with reproductive and surgical challenges would enhance a patient-centred approach to care.

Dispositional and situational factors as determinants of food eating behaviour among sedentary and blue-collar workers in Nigeria's premier teaching hospital.

This cross-sectional survey investigated the role of dispositional (self-efficacy and self esteem), and situational factors (distractibility and perceived food variety) as determinants of food eating behaviour (FEB). Hospital employees (N500) in Nigeria's premier teaching Hospital participated. Results showed that self-efficacy and self-esteem jointly predicted cognitive restraint dimension of FEB (F(2499) = 26.00; R2 = 0.10; p < .05). Dispositional variables also jointly predicted uncontrolled eating (F(2499) = 17.41; R2 = 0.07; p < .05), emotional eating (F(2499)= 28.58; R2 = 0.10; p < .05), and cognitive restraint (F(2499) = 35.60; R2 = 0.13; p < .05) dimensions of FEB. Age (chi2 = 64.81; df = 1; p < .05), and marital status (chi2 = 32.74; df = 4; p < .05) were associated with FEB. Therefore, dispositional and situational variables are predictors of FEB as evidenced in previous literatures. The need for primary prevention, and assertiveness to reduce distractibility and eating disorders was highlighted towards maintaining health and efficiency at work is recommended.