Perceived Cardiovascular Disease Risk Following Preeclampsia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Preeclampsia has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the preeclamptic women were unaware of this link. Therefore, this study aims to assess women's knowledge and perception of future CVD after preeclampsia. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Two hundred and forty-six women with a preeclampsia history were recruited from the Al Salam MCH Center and Suez Canal University Hospital. Data were collected during March 2022 using a socio-demographic questionnaire, an Adapted Coronary Heart disease knowledge tool for preeclamptic women, and The Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (PRHDS). Most women (96%) were unaware of the relationship between CVD and preeclampsia. The women had a low CVD knowledge level (10.26 ± 6.08) as well as a low perception of cardiovascular disease risk (37.15 ± 7.22). There was a significant positive correlation between CVD knowledge and CVD risk perception (r = 0.434, p = 0.000). This study found that preeclampsia survivors underestimated their CVD risk. Based on these findings, preeclamptic women should receive health education sessions on CVD risk and prevention from their nurses and obstetricians. The hospital pre-discharge plan must contain these sessions in written and electronic formats to help women remember and follow CVD risk reduction measures.

Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the fracture strength of lithium disilicate ceramic onlays.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on the fracture strength of ceramic onlays when compared with delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Twenty extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the dentin sealing technique (n=10). A standardized mesio-occlusal-distal cavity was prepared with reduction of the palatal cusp. The dentin surfaces of the IDS group were immediately sealed after finishing the preparation (before taking impressions, temporization, and 14-day storage at 37°C) using a bonding system (ALL-BOND 3®, ALL-BOND 3® RESIN) and flowable composite (Te-Econom Flow). Impressions were made and temporary restorations were fabricated using PRO-V FILL®. The wax patterns were milled and the onlays were fabricated by heat-pressing technique (IPS e.max Press). After bonding the final restorations with resin cement (Variolink N), the specimens were thermocycled. Fracture strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Testometric M350-10KN) at 1 mm/min until failure occurred. Student's t-test was used to evaluate the results of the fracture strength test. The failure mode was examined using a stereomicroscope. The mean fracture strength in the IDS group (1335 ± 335 N) was statistically significantly higher than that for the DDS group (931 ± 274 N) (p < 0.05). Fracture of the restoration with a small portion of the tooth was the most frequent mode of failure. Within the limitation of this in vitro study, there was an improvement in the fracture strength of ceramic onlays with the use of IDS. However, the ceramic onlays were strong enough to withstand the physiological mastication force in both groups.

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders discovered incidentally during routine dental examination using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) discovered incidentally during routine dental examination, identify disease patterns, and evaluate patients' attitude toward accepting treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 3009 patients were examined at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates). Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) Axes I and II were used for assessment. Patients with acute/serious dysfunction symptoms underwent cone beam computed tomography examination. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the diagnosis of disk displacement. RESULTS: Non-self-reported TMD prevalence was 10.8% (n = 325). Among patients with TMDs, women were diagnosed more often (65.85%) (P < .05) and those between ages 25 and 45 years (65.54%) (P < .05). Axis I assessment revealed disk displacement with reduction (group IIa) was the most common (40.92%). Axis II chronic pain grade showed that 32.62% of patients with TMDs experienced chronic pain, whereas 66.77% had mild disability. Interest in pursuing treatment was indicated by 92.31% of patients. Cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging assessments changed the primary diagnosis in 26.08% and 18.47% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TMD screening during routine dental examination led to the diagnosis of non-self-reported TMDs, most commonly related to disk displacement with reduction. Radiographic assessment was important to confirm TMD diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with TMD during dental screening expressed interest in pursuing treatment.

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of tea tree oil mouthwash and a cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash: A randomized controlled crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a mouthwash containing tea tree oil (TTO) with a cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized 4 × 4, controlled, cross-over, involving 20 healthy volunteers in a 5-day plaque re-growth model. Test mouthwashes were TTO (Tebodont(®)) and a mouthwash containing CPC 0.05% (Aquafresh(®)). A 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash (Oro-Clense(®)) was used as positive and colored water (placebo [PLB]) as negative controls. Gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) scores were recorded before and after each test period. Test periods were separated with 2 weeks washout period. RESULTS: All four mouthwashes significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the GBI scores when compared to the baseline GBI scores. There was no significant difference between PLB and active mouthwashes in the GBI scores. CHX and CPC mouthwashes were found more effective in reducing the PI scores than TTO and PLB mouthwashes. There was no significant difference in PI scores of CHX and CPC mouthwashes. CONCLUSION: 0.05% CPC mouthwash can be an alternative to CHX mouthwash since it is alcohol free and found as efficient as CHX in dental plaque reduction with lesser side effects. More studies are needed to test antigingivitis effects of the mouthwashes used in this study, preferably without initial scaling and polishing.

Dental laboratory communication regarding removable dental prosthesis design in the UAE.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the methods dental practitioners in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) use to communicate cast removable dental prosthesis (RDP) design to dental laboratories; identify common practices taken by dentists/dental technicians prior to fabrication of RDP framework; and seek out dental technicians' attitudes toward their role in RDP design decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All dental laboratories (n = 28) listed in a local telephone directory were invited to complete a questionnaire through a face-to-face interview. They were also requested to examine RDP cases fabricated in the past 2 months and identify steps taken by dentists/dental technicians prior to fabrication of the framework. Descriptive statistics were used to report frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: Twenty-one (75%) dental laboratories agreed to participate, out of which 19 had the facilities to fabricate chrome-cobalt RDPs. Cast RDPs comprised approximately 4.04% (±2.67) of services provided. A reported 84.2% of dentists frequently communicate through generic lab script, with 89.5% rarely/never giving details regarding RDP design. While 52.6% of labs agree/strongly agree that it is the dentist's responsibility to decide the final RDP design, 94.7% agree/strongly agree that dentists should depend on dental technicians for design-making decisions. A total of 19 RDP cases were reviewed. All 19 were surveyed and designed by dental technicians but received dentist approval of design prior to fabrication. Thirteen (68.4%) had rest-seat preparations done by dentists after approval, and new impressions sent to the lab. No other tooth modifications were noted. CONCLUSION: The responsibility of RDP design appeared to be largely delegated to dental technicians. Importance of tooth modifications seemed to be undervalued and not completed prior to framework fabrication.

New concept of schistosomiasis lesions of urinary bladder versus development of bladder cancer.

Schistosomiasis haematobium precancerous lesions of urinary bladder included group 1: preneo-plastic non papillary (flat) lesions [reactive atypia, flat hyperplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, glandular metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in-situ (CIS)] and group 2 preneoplastic papillary lesions (typical papillary hyperplasia, atypical papillary hyperplasia, papilloma). The present work studied the content of the schistosomiasis precancerous lesions of the urinary bladder using image analyzer, thereby shedding more light on the significance on the early diagnosis of the high risky group. A total of 140 previously diagnosed schistosomiasis urinary bladder lesions (124 precancerous and 16 cancers as controls) were stained by H & E, and Feulgen stain. The mean SPF was high in CIS (22.7), dysplasia (19.6) & low in atypia (7.91). DNA ploidy, non-diploidy DNA was high in CIS (53%), papilloma, dysplasia and atypical papillary hyperplasia than flat hyperplasia, glandular metaplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia and typical papillary hyperplasia that were diploid indicating more tendency and aggressiveness of the first group to turn malignant than the second group.

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) among man and farm animals in North Sinai, Egypt.

Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii were estimated among sheep, goats and camels (190), their owners (150 patients with pyrexia of unknown origin) and 30 normal individuals in North Sinai over the 2006 by indirect immounofluorescence assay. Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Com-1 gene (genetic target of C. burnetii) encoding a 27-kDa outer membrane protein in the samples. C. burnetii IFA antibodies (IgM & IgG) in patients were 8 (5.3%) and a healthy control (3.3%). The overall was 9 of 180 (5.0%). C. burnetii IgM were detected in 3/150 (2%) patients with positive genome, while IgG were detected in 5/150 patients, only the three who had IgM and IgG had positive genome suffered high fever. C. burnetii antibodies were detected in 20 (22.5%), 12 (16.8%) & 4 (13.3%) of sheep, goats, camels, which total 36/190 (18.9%). The positive genome of these IFA positive animals was 10 (50.0%), 4 (33.3%) & zero (0.0%) respectively. On the other hand, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (wood tick) were identified on some Q fever infected animals. The results were discussed.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in Egypt.

We describe the characterization of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) serotype A virus responsible for recent outbreaks of disease in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 nucleotide sequences demonstrated a close relationship to recent FMD virus isolates from East Africa, rather than to viruses currently circulating in the Middle East.

Natural infection of fresh and brackish water fish with heterophyid encysted metacercariae in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

The encysted metacercariae (EMC) of heterophyids in the fish species; Mugil caphalus, M. capito, M. auratus, Oreochromis n. niloticus (=Tilapia nilotica), and Tilapia zillii trapped brackish and fresh water fishes were isolated by the artificial digestion method and identified. The EMC by morphometric analysis proved to be seven phenotypical distinct types. Cross-matched seven groups of clean laboratory bred puppies each was experimentally infected with a distinct EMC type. The recovered adult flukes were compatible to seven species of six genera of family Heterophyidae. These were Heterophyes heterophyes, H. aequalis, Pygidiopsis genata, Haplorchis yokogawai, Prohemostomumn vivax, Phagicola sp. and Stictodora sp. The EMC of the seven heterophyids were recovered from all the brackish water fishes, M. caphalus, M. capito, M. auratus, O. niloticus and T. zillii. On the other hand, the EMC of P. genata, Haplorchis yokogawai and Phagicola sp. were recovered only from the fresh water fish, O. niloticus and T. zillii. All the EMC was re-described and photographed.