Diabetic foot self-care practice in women with diabetes in Iran.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The present study was conducted to determine the situation of foot self-care practice among Iranian women with diabetes. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 475 women completed the Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire (DFSQ) along with other questions. The overall and three components scores including personal care, podiatric care, and foot wearing, were calculated and their relationship with other factors was analyzed. RESULTS: The average total DFSQ score was 60.38 ± 9.9, and 16.98 ± 7, 5.95 ± 2.11, and 12.26 ± 3.95 for personal care, podiatric care, and footwear respectively. Education level, self-reported health status, and life satisfaction had a significant relationship with footwear score, and smoking and life satisfaction were related to personal care and podiatric care respectively. In Pearson regression, DM self-care was correlated with all three components and total DFSQ score. Also, depression and SCS (Social Capital Status) correlated with DFSQ scores except with personal self-care and footwear respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Quality of Life (QoL) were significantly correlated with footwear and podiatric care scores. CONCLUSION: In this study, the DFSQ result was almost acceptable, however, it highlights the importance of suitable interventions to establish better self-care practice among Iranian diabetic women.

Social-capital determinants of the women with diabetes: a population-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Social-capital level contributes to clinical factors and health outcomes of patients suffering from diabetes. Considering the social determinants of type 2 diabetes patients could benefit to prevention of diabetes complications especially in women population. This study aims to determine social capital determinants in women with diabetes. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-five women with diabetes take-part in this cross-sectional, multi-centric study. The data was completed by a demographic questionnaire and the Social Capital instrument (SC-IQ). This study is investigating demographic (age, gender, BMI, marital, educational and social-economic status), and lifestyle factors (physical activity, nutrition), Diabetes status (HbA1c Level, medications, complications, duration of diabetes), general health status (life satisfaction, self-rated health, physical activity, and depression) and Social capital items (Value of life, Tolerance of Diversity, Neighborhood network, Family and Friends Connections, Work connections, Community participation, Feeling of trust and Safety and Proactivity). The descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used to assess the associations between social capital and determinants. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 50 (SD: 7.7), range 28-71 year. The mean social capital score was 77.8 (SD: 15.8). In linear regression analysis, results showed that women who had the greater score in total social-capital (ß: 3.7, SE: 1.5) and Feeling of trust and Safety (ß: 0.87, SE: 0.42) had vigorous physical activity and also women who had greater score in Neighborhood Connections had moderate physical activity in comparison with patients who had low physical activity. (ß: 0.67, SE: 0.26 and ß: 0.61, SE: 0.26).Also, the findings showed that women who had had a lower score in total social-capital (ß: 6, SE: 1.47), Community participation (ß: 1.44, SE: 0.37), Value of life (ß: 1.71, SE: 0.24), Family and Friends Connections (ß: 0.88, SE: 0.25) and proactivity (ß: 0.71, SE: 0.25) had depression in comparison with patients who had no depression. The findings revealed that instead of each year increase in the duration of diabetes, the total social-capital score had decreased about the half score (ß: 0.48, SE: 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: Important social factors that make diabetes control are alterable to health interventions. The results of the current study suggest that social capital status may determine how effectively the women with diabetes have been managed. This initial finding permits subsequent experimental investigations to identify social strategies that can be valuable to improve diabetes control.

Diabetic foot workshop: Improving technical and educational skills for nurses.

Diabetes mellitus as one of the most common metabolic disorders has some complications, one of the main ones is diabetic foot (DF). Appropriate care and education prevents 85% of diabetic foot amputations. An ideal management to prevent and treat diabetic foot necessitates a close collaboration between the health team members and the diabetic patient. Therefore, improving nurses' knowledge about DF care and advancement in the quality of care provided by the nurses could significantly improve diabetic foot prevention and management. Therefore, the aim of DF workshop was to improve technical and educational skills of the nurses to prevent and manage diabetic foot. Considering the vital role of the nurses in providing DF care, EMRI decided to conduct Diabetic foot workshop for them. The following five steps were designed for the 14 coordinating sessions in the workshop: Goals definition, deciding about attendees, location selection, creating agenda, and developing a follow-up plan. "Diabetic Foot Workshop for Nurses" provides appropriate training to DF nurses at the national level; and combining theory and practice in this workshop not only increases nurses' knowledge, but also improves their skills in the field of the diabetic foot. Providing education and care to patients by DF nurse specialists instead of general nurses could be an important output of this workshop, which may lead to DF prevention and amputation decrease in the long term.

The Effectiveness of a Peer Coaching Education on Control and Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching is a strategy which helps the patients with diabetes in the field of behavioral and emotional problems. However, the results of studies in this field in other countries could not be generalized in our context. So, the current study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Diabetes Education by Peer Coaching on Diabetes Management. METHODS: Outcome variables for patients and peer coaches are measured at baseline and in3,6 and 12 months. The primary outcome consisted of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included Blood Pressure (BP), Body Mass Index (BMI,) Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Lipid Profile, diabetes self-care activities, diabetes-related quality of life, depression, and Social Capital levels.Initial analyses compared the frequency of baseline levels of outcome and other variables using a simple Chi-square test, t-test and the Mann-Whitney- U test. Sequential measurements in each group were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. If significant differences in baseline characteristics were found, analyses were repeated adjusting for these differences using ANOVA and logistic regression for multivariate analyses. Additional analyses were conducted to look for the evidence of effect modification by pre-specified subgroups. CONCLUSION: The fact is that self-control and self-efficacy in diabetes management and treatment of diabetes could be important components. It seems that this research in this special setting with cultural differences would provide more evidence about peer-coaching model. It seems that if the peer-coaching model improves learning situations between patients with diabetes by offering one-on-one Diabetes Self Management Education, it could be an interactive approach to diabetic education. Trial Registration Number: IRCT201501128175N3.