[Effect of antenatal gymnastics on childbirth: a study on 50 sedentary women in the Republic of Benin during the second and third quarters of pregnancy]. / L'effet de la gymnastique prénatale sur l'accouchement: étude sur 50 femmes béninoises sédentaires au cours des deuxième et troisième trimestres de grossesse.

Antenatal gymnastics is a form of non-pharmacological childbirth preparation methods. It helps maintain rachidian statics and to relieve painful syndromes (joints, lumbar pains) during pregnancy. It also helps correct gravidic problems (leg cramps, back ache, weight increase, etc.). It is both a physical and psychological training method in accordance with the natural mechanisms of childbirth, implying personal involvement on the part of the parturient. Fifty (50) pregnant women of Benin (apart from pathological pregnancies) divided into two groups of 25 subjects (experimental group) and 25 subjects (control group) voluntarily took part in the study after having given their written assent. Each involved subject is paired with a counterpart of control following the same criteria: age of the gestante, parity, characteristic of the pelvis. Subjects aged from 17 to 42 trained twice a week with a minimum of 24 hours rest between two sessions; the training period intensity of exercise is limited to 60% of the maximum heart frequency and each training session lasts 45 min. The results show a lower number of caesareans and a significant lower number of untorn perineas in the experimental group. Apgar scores are also statistically higher in the children of trained women. This study confirms that sedentary pregnant women without any medical counter-indications (repetitive miscarriages, premature births, placenta praevia, cervical gaping, cardiac diseases, hypertension, narrow pelvis) can participate in antenatal gymnastics at a moderated rhythm, for their own benefit and that of their babies. Muscular force improvement (quality of the abdominal pushing), psychological control (absence of stress and panic), and good body form, can be noticed in trained mothers. However, abnormal presentation of baby, fetal suffering and the inherent characteristics of the pelvis (narrow) are factors requiring a caesarean. On the whole, antenatal gymnastics is an effective non-pharmacological means to avoid complications in childbirth. This method might be one of the solutions which could benefit pregnant women in Africa, considering its low cost compared to the exorbitant cost of medicines and hospitalisation.