Subject(s)
Coitus/psychology , Libido , Obesity, Morbid/psychology , Self Concept , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Enlarged fat cells and leptin hypersecretion are hallmarks of common obesity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate fat cell size and leptin production in the basal state after long-term steady-state weight reduction to the nonobese state. DESIGN: This prospective case-control study had a duration of 3 +/- 1 (mean +/- sd) yr. PATIENTS: Twenty-five obese women (cases) were studied. Each case was compared with a control subject matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) at nadir of weight for the cases. SETTING: This study was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden). INTERVENTION: The subjects were followed until they reached a steady-state weight reduction after lifestyle modification or bariatric surgery (cases). Treatment target was the nonobese state (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Subcutaneous adipose tissue secretion of leptin, serum leptin levels, and fat cell volume were determined after an overnight fast. RESULTS: Ten obese women (40%) reached the nonobese state. This was accompanied by marked decreases in fat cell volume, leptin secretion, and serum leptin concentrations (P < 0.0001). The postobese cases had 43% smaller fat cell volume (P = 0.0008), 68% lower adipocyte leptin production (P = 0.001), and 54% lower serum leptin levels (P = 0.0007) than control subjects, despite almost identical percent body fat in the two groups. Fat cell volume, but not percent body fat or BMI, was directly proportional to leptin secretion and serum leptin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Adipose tissue hyperplasia (too many small fat cells) and low leptin production resulting in relative hypoleptinemia in the fasting (basal) state are common features of the postobese state in women.
Subject(s)
Adipocytes/pathology , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Leptin/deficiency , Obesity/pathology , Weight Loss , Adult , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia , Middle Aged , Obesity/therapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine if locus of control orientation is predictive for weight loss among participants in a behaviour modification weight reduction programme. The subjects completed a locus of control questionnaire consisting of 40 questions before starting the programme and again after 1 year. Forty-one participants started the programme, 28 remained after 1 year. Their weight loss was significant (P < 0.001) and associated with an internal locus of control orientation (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that different weight reduction activities could be offered depending on the person's locus of control orientation. Participants with an internal orientation could be offered a standard weight reduction programme. Others, with a more external locus of control orientation, could be offered an adapted programme, which also focused on and encouraged the participants' internal orientation.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Internal-External Control , Obesity , Weight Loss , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Behavior Therapy , Body Mass Index , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitals, University , Humans , Life Style , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Needs Assessment , Obesity/prevention & control , Obesity/psychology , Orientation , Predictive Value of Tests , Psychological Theory , Regression Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , SwedenABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is any association between obesity and sexual satisfaction and sexual abuse in a normal population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A representative sample of 2810 subjects from a population study was interviewed about sexual satisfaction, sexual abuse, and life satisfaction. The answers from normal weight, overweight, and obese participants were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Data were presented separately for two age groups, 18 to 49 and 50 to 74 years, and gender. The older group of obese men reported a greater decrease of sexual desire compared with 5 years prior than normal weight men [odds ratios (OR), 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 4.3]. The older group of overweight men reported involuntary participation in sexual activities more often than normal weight men (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.8). Although older overweight and obese women were diagnosed with a lingering disease (defined as >1 month) more often than normal weight women (overweight: OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.4; obese: OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.7 to 11.5), there was no difference between BMI groups in satisfaction with physical health. DISCUSSION: Overweight and obese groups seem to be heterogeneous with respect to sexual satisfaction and experiences of sexual abuse. No significant differences were detected between BMI groups, which does not exclude the possibility of significant differences between BMI groups among patients seeking medical attention.
