TH1/TH2 repolarization in induction of immune tolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the management of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crisis.

Respiratory manifestations related to the intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during the treatment of the painful vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease are either a type I hypersensitivity mechanism of the Gell and Coombs classification, or a pharmacological mechanism of NSAIDs. The use of NSAIDs is essential in the Abidjan school because of the absence of therapeutic alternatives in the management of the inflammatory crisis of this disease. The induction of tolerance to NSAIDs initiated by the authors has had clear clinical success. The basic biological reasons for this tolerance were evaluated in this study. A group of 11 sickle cell patients aged 12 to 39 years in whom post-NSAID respiratory manifestations disappeared for at least 6 months following a short tolerance induction protocol with ibuprofen, was assayed by ELISA for TNFα, INF (Th1 cytokines), IL-4 (Th2 cytokine), IL-10, TGF-ß (immunosuppressive cytokines) and total IgE, before induction or pre-induction (D-1) and at day one (D1), D2- 3, one month (M1), and M6 after induction. A repolarization of the Th1/Th2 balance was noted during the post induction period. The high concentration of IL-4 observed at D-1 gradually decreased in favor of the cytokines TNFα, INF. The decrease in cytokine IL-4 with the level of total IgE was accompanied by the increase of IL-10 and TGF-ß demonstrating the regulatory role of these cytokines in the control of allergic diseases. In conclusion, the induction of immuno-tolerance to NSAIDs through a short protocol is well supported by immune regulation. The medium-term effects are real, unlike the results of allergen desensitization or specific immunotherapy. However, this protocol could be used in certain circumstances such as in the case of intolerance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, used as the treatment of choice for the prevention of opportunistic diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Analysis of total antibody levels in university hospitals health workers vaccinated against COVID-19 in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire).

Discovered in China in December 2019, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has confronted the world with an unprecedented crisis. Healthcare workers, the first line of defense against this pandemic, have been severely affected. Clinical trial results of the emergency vaccines showed that they all produced IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high rates of seroconversion. While immunization against natural challenge (COVID-19 infection) and artificial challenge (vaccination) in health care workers is relatively well described in the West, the issue is not well understood in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire, where populations are genetically distinct from Caucasians. Our aim was to investigate the magnitude of post-vaccination IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in our African epigenetic context. A cross-sectional, multicenter, analytical study was conducted from March to May 2022 among health workers employed at the University Hospital of Abidjan and vaccinated against COVID-19. The study included 77 health workers. IgG immunoassays were performed with an enzyme-linked fluorescent assays. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software, with a p-value ˂ 0.05 considered as a significant difference. All enrolled subjects developed anti-SRAS-Cov-2 IgG, of which 88.3% had a strong response (titer ≥ 250 Binding Antibody Units/ml). IgG titers varied significantly by gender (p=0.04). Vaccine type and number of doses did not affect IgG titers. However, a history of COVID-19 infection was associated with a 5-fold greater likelihood of developing a strong IgG response after vaccination. In conclusion, humoral IgG responses developed after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were robust and would be influenced by a variety of factors..

Determination of the bactericidal activity of different calcium hydroxide presentations on a dentin model.

Calcium hydroxide placed as a temporary dressing in the root canal helps sterilize infected canals. Hycal and Roeko calcium hydroxide points are two delayed-action medications containing Ca(OH)2 recommended for root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to test their bactericidal activity in comparison with that of C-PMCP on Streptococcus sanguins strain NCTC 7823. Artificially infected 4-mm high blocks of dentin obtained from bovine incisors were used as an experimental model (n = 192). After three days of treatment with the two antiseptics, intracanal dentin powder was collected by serial drillings and used to inoculate a culture broth. The turbidity of this broth after 24 hours showed if the bacteria were eliminated or not and was used as criterion of antiseptic efficacy. No bacterial growth was observed in the samples treated with C-PMCP. Hycal had a considerable bactericidal activity with 94% of negative cultures whereas first-generation Roeko points had no activity on the strain of S. sanguis tested.

[Topographical and morphological study of the mandibular foramen in black Africans from the Ivory Coast]. / Etude topographique et morphologique du foramen mentonnier chez le sujet négro-Africain de Côte d'Ivoire.

Sixty one dry mandibles. have been studied to provide some anatomical informations on the position, shape and size of the mental foramen among adults Black Africans of Ivory Coast. According the results, in the male mandibles, the mental foramen lay 27,31 mm behind the symphyses , 74,75 mm forward the post border of the ramus, 14,89 mm above the lower border and 16,16 mm under the alveolar margin. In the female mandibles, the mental foramen lay 27,16mm behind the symphysis, 69,10 mm forward the post border of the ramus, 14,21 mm above the lower border and 15,66 mm under the alveolar margin. This study confirmed that on the horizontal plane, the mental foramen lay approximatively one quarter of the distance from mandibular symphyses to the post border of the ramus. The margin of mental foramina was elliptic in 66,67 % and 64,52 % of the cases respectively in male and female mandibles. The mean sizes of the long and short axes of forarnina were 5,03 mm and 3,97 mm in the male mandibles. These dimensions were 4,99 mm and 3,87 mm in the female mandibles.

Effect of solution parameters on the removal efficiency of humic substances by a reuse material.

This paper provides an overview of the ability of polypropylene (PPL), a synthetic polymeric adsorbent made from reused plastic material. The removal of humic substances (HS) in a solution pretreated with dedoxyltrimethylammoniumbromide (DDTMAB), a cationic quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), was studied under various conditions. The removal of HS was achieved in its solute complexed form but also as suspended solids. The conditions of the HS solution, which fluctuation was suspected to have an impact on the performance of the adsorbent, were tested. The parameters investigated included the pH, the initial concentration of the surfactant, and the presence of suspended solids in solution. The results of the laboratory scale experiments showed that PPL removal efficiency of HS is strongly pH dependant with higher removal achieved at pH greater than 7. However, the shift for pH above 7 induced an increase in the optimum doses of DDTMAB as more and more deprotonated HS become available to react with DDTMAB. Ionic strength did have the opposite effect: the increase of ionic strength by addition of NaCl decreased PPL removal of HS.

[Ameloblastoma of the maxillary sinus. Apropos of a case]. / Améloblastome du sinus maxillaire. A propos d'une observation.

The ameloblastoma is benign odontogen tumour developed from epithelial remains of MALASSEZ. Because of the inclination to invade in an inexorable way all the surrounding tissues and of the faculty of recurrence after removal, one attributes him the qualifier of good-hearted tumour to local wickedness. The mandibulary localization is the most frequent. Toward the maxillary, it is mostly observed in the tuberosity region. The authors report in the work one case of ameloblastoma developed from the pericoronal cyst of an intrasinusal ectopic canine tooth.

A new economical method to remove humic substances in water: adsorption onto a recycled polymeric material with surfactant addition.

Cationic surfactants were used to enhance the adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM), contained in the effluent of municipal wastewater, onto polypropylene (PPL), a polymeric synthetic adsorbent made from recycled plastics. Both batch and continuous up-flow column experiments were carried out. The DOM, in the form of humic acid, was treated with a range of cationic surfactants, then, adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption of the mixture onto PPL in both its soluble and precipitated forms. This research validated the feasibility of the proposed system in which anionic humic acid is removed from the aqueous phase by forming neutral hydrophobic molecules with cationic surfactants and subsequently by adsorbing them on the hydrophobic surface of PPL.

[Self medication during orodental diseases in urban Ivory Coast. Results of a study in the region of Abidjan]. / L'automedication au cours des affections bucco-dentaires en milieu urbain ivoirien. Résultats d'une enquête dans la région d'Abidjan.

During six months, a study enclosing 418 patients from 15 to 60 years old, has been realised in nine dental offices of the Abidjan area. Self-medication has been found among 37.32 per cent of the patients. The most concerned medicines are no steroid inflammatories, analgesics and antibiotics. According to this study, the main reasons of the self-medication are the pain, the lack of money, the practice and the fear of the dental surgeon. The medicines are obtained at the chemist's or bought at the market or in the street. The results of the study are compared to others did in different specialities.

[A plea for the rational use of anti-inflammatory agents in odontostomatology]. / Plaidoyer pour une utilisation raisonnee des anti-inflammatoires en odonto-stomatologie.

After a reminder of different anti-inflammatories drugs actions and from examples taken in the literature and their department, the authors show how these drugs can be dangerous. Without forbidding these drugs in Dental and Oral surgery, the authors precise the conditions for their prescriptions in our developing countries.

[Tuberculous pleurisy followed by bronchial cancer in a patient with HIV infection]. / Pleurésie tuberculeuse suivie d'un cancer bronchique chez un sujet infecté par le VIH.

Both clinical and radiologic manifestations can have unusual figures in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Infectious involvement, as in particularly tuberculosis, may simulate a neoplasm, and vice versa. We report a case of a tubercular pleuresy followed 14 months later by a lung cancer in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This observation pose the delicate diagnostic problem of a recurred endobronchial tuberculosis we describe the chest roentgenograms and the computed tomography-scans patterns. We give the place of both of them. We call attention to the valuable rôle of the endobronchial endoscopy in the differential diagnosis between a recurrence of the tuberculosis or a lung cancer. This case demonstrate quite well that thoracic complications in AIDS are multiple and can be variable in the course of the disease. That command a definite exploration for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

[Burkitt's disease in the Ivory Coast in 1988]. / La maladie de Burkitt en Côte-d'Ivoire en 1988.

Burkitt's lymphoma, or endemic hematosarcoma, is the major cancer in childhood and the 6th most common cancer in the Ivory Coast. The authors review classical ideas regarding the disease and stress some recent findings.

[Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands. Analysis of 41 cases and the causes of recurrence in the Ivory Coast]. / Adénomes plémorphes des glandes salivaires. Analyse de 41 cas et des causes de récidive en Côte-d'Ivoire.

Based on a study of 41 cases, the authors report the high incidence of myxo-chondroid varieties on histological examination and their relationship to recurrences attributed to potential changes in myo- epithelial cells.

[Cylindroma of the salivary glands. Various aspects apropos of 10 cases from the Ivory Coast]. / Cylindromes des glandes salivaires. Quelques aspects à propos de 10 cas observés en Côte-d'Ivoire.

It was found that accessory salivary glands involvement, in particular intra-maxillary, was most frequent in a study involving 10 cases. Only basaloid varieties have a very poor prognosis and surgery remains the only treatment available.