ABSTRACT
Chondracanthus chamissoi is an edible red seaweed with a high hydrocolloid content and food industry demand. This situation has led to a decline in their populations, especially in Peru. An alternative culture method based on the formation of secondary attachment discs (SADs) has shown several advantages over traditional spore strategies. However, there are still scarce reports of the SAD method in Peru. This work aimed to evaluate the best conditions for C. chamissoi maintenance prior to SAD development and the effect of locality on SAD formation using scallop shells as a substratum. Experiments were conducted with material collected from five localities in Pisco (Ica, Peru). Our results showed that the best conditions for C. chamissoi maintenance were: (1) fertilized seawater with Bayfolan® (0.2 mL L-1); and (2) medium exchange every two days or weekly. These conditions reduced the biomass loss to 9.36-11.14%. Most localities showed a similar capacity to produce SADs (7-17 SADs shell-1). However, vegetative algae, especially Mendieta, tended to present a higher number of SADs. Vegetative fronds also showed lower levels of necrosis and deterioration compared to cystocarpic and tetrasporophytic samples. This study shows the technical feasibility of culturing C. chamissoi through SADs for developing repopulation and/or intensive cultivation projects in Peru.
ABSTRACT
Se estudia la diversidad de anélidos poliquetos asociados al biotopo intermareal del manglar del Santuario Nacional los Manglares de Tumbes, Perú. El muestreo se realizó en dos sitios, uno cercano a la desembocadura y el otro distante aproximadamente 6 km rio arriba. En cada lugar se establecieron dos estaciones fijas, una asociada a zonas bajas del intermareal con presencia de Anadara tuberculosa (ZBI) y otra asociada a la zona altas del intermareal con presencia de Ucides occidentalis (ZBI). Los muestreos se repitieron en diciembre del 2012 y marzo del 2013. El número total de especies de poliquetos registrado fue 57, la composición de especies no fue similar entre las asociaciones y entre las estaciones fijas. Las estaciones asociadas a ZBI tuvieron un mayor número de especies, abundancias e índices de diversidad mayores que las estaciones asociadas a ZAI. En cuanto a los grupos tróficos, las estaciones asociadas a ZAI tuvieron 4 grupos mientras que las estaciones asociadas a ZBI tuvieron 6 grupos tróficos. En la poliquetofauna asociada a ZBI dominaron, en número de especie los carnívoros mientras que en la asociada a ZAI, fueron los carnívoros y los alimentadores de depósito superficial, asimismo dominaron en abundancia los alimentadores de depósito sub superficial. El análisis multivariado demostró diferencia significativa en la estructura y composición trófica de las asociaciones, con mayor dispersión y variabilidad en el ZAI.
The diversity of annelids polychaete associated with intertidal mangrove biotope of the Santuario Nacional los Manglares de Tumbes is studied. Sampling was conducted at two sites, one near the river mouth and the other distant about 6 km upstream. In each place, two fixed stations were established, one associated to high intertidal zone with the presence of Anadara tuberculosa (ZBI) and other associated to low intertidal zone with the presence of Ucides occidentalis (ZAI). The samples were taken in December 2012 and March 2013. The total number of species registered was 57 species composition was not similar between associations and between fixed stations. The stations associated to ZBI had more number of species abundances and indices greater diversity than to ZAI. As trophic groups, the stations associated to ZAI had four groups whereas stations associated to ZBI had 6 trophic groups. The poliquetofauna associated with ZBI dominated in number of species, the carnivores while poliquetofauna associated to ZAI, was carnivores and surface deposit feeders also dominated in abundance subsurface deposit feeders. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in the structure and trophic composition of partnerships, with greater dispersion and variability in the ZAI.
