[Platelet functional status in patients with gastric cancer at combined treatment stages].

Platelets are active cells that excrete various humoral factors that contribute to thrombogenesis and inflammation. The investigation was undertaken to study induced platelet aggregation in patients with gastric cancer at combined treatment stages and to evaluate the impact of intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR). The study covered patients with gastric cancer (GC). Group 1 included Stage III GC patients who had undergone elective radical surgery; Group 2 comprised Stage III GC patients who had radical surgery with a session of IOR; Group 3 consisted of Stage IV GC patients who had undergone palliative surgery or explorative laparotomy. Induced platelet aggregation were explored from the BIOLA aggregometer (Russia) readings before, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after surgery. Adenosine phosphate, adrenaline, collagen were used as inducers. It is concluded that there is a need for postoperative laboratory control and correction of platelet activity. In GC patients operated on with IOR, platelet activity should be monitored for at least 2 weeks after surgery.

[Endogenous intoxication and systemic inflammatory response syndromes: similarity and differences].

The review discusses whether it is worth identifying concepts, such as the endogenous intoxication syndrome and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). It also analyzes various aspects of the historically established approaches to diagnosing and treating these syndromes and provides evidence for the staging of SIRS and the possibility of using this approach in clinical practice. This will allow treatment policy to be modified.

[Changes in the binding properties of albumin in patients with myocardial infarction].

The purpose of the study was to measure the levels of albumin and to evaluate its binding properties in patients with acute large-focal myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalized within the first 24 hours of AMI onset. Two groups were formed: group one--41AMI patients without cardiogenic shock (CS) and group two--15 patients with AMI complicated by true CS. Blood samples were taken from an ulnar vein on the first, second, third, fifth, seventh, and fourteenth day after AMI onset. The properties of binding albumin centers were determined using fluorescent method (K-35 probe). Total albumin concentration (TAC), effective albumin concentration (EAC), and albumin binding reserve (ABR) were determined. The results were presented as M +/- m. A significant increase in TAC on the fifth day (from 43 +/- 1 to 40 +/- 1 g/l) and EAC on the second, third, fifth, and seventh days (from 36 +/- 1 to 32 +/- 1 g/l with the minimal level on the fifth day), and in ABR on the second day (from 83.3 +/- 1.3 to 78.8 +/- 8%) were registered in group one. TAC returned to the normal level on the seventh day, EAC did not become normal until the fourteenth day, while ABR did not normalize within the period of two weeks. Eleven patients in group two died (hospital CS-associated mortality was 73.3%). TAC and EAC in discharged patients were 43.4 +/- 0.9 g/l and 35.8 +/- 0.8 g/l, respectively, while these parameters in the deceased were 35.5 +/- 1.7 g/l (p < 0.0001) and 27.3 +/- 1.7 g/l (p < 0.0001), respectively. CS developed in 70% of cases (seven out of ten patients) in whom TAC was less than 36 g/l vs. 17.4% of cases (eight out of 46) with a TAC of 36 g/l or more (p = 0.0013). When EAC was less than 30 g/l CS developed in 72.7% of cases (eight out eleven patients) vs. 15.6% of cases (seven out of 45) with an EAC of 30 g/l or more (p = 0.0003). Six out of ten patients (60%) with a TAC of less than 36 g/l died. Lethal outcome also occurred in five cases out of 46 or 10.9% with a TAL of 36 g/l or more (p = 0.0008). Seven out of eleven or 63.6% patients with an EAC of less than 30 g/l died. Four out of 45 patients (8.9%) with an EAC of 30 g/l or more died (p = 0.0001). Thus, the study found that a low (less than 36 g/l) TAC and EAC (less than 30 g/l) during the first 24 hours of AMI was associated with a significantly higher frequency of true CS and with a significantly higher hospital lethality. Determining albumin parameters during the first 24 hours of AMI will be useful in distinguishing a group of patients with a high risk of lethal outcome, which will make it possible to begin early aggressive therapy directed towards limiting myocardial necrosis.

[The binding capacity of albumin in patients with gastric cancer].

The time course of changes in albumin values was studied in the early postoperative period in patients with gastric cancer who had been operated on, by using intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). The fluorescence technique was used to determine the total and effective concentrations of albumin, the reserve of its binding, and the toxicity index in the blood serum of patients with stage III gastric cancer 2 hours before and 30 min, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after surgery. The results indicated that the minimal albumin concentration was observed on postoperative day 3. When the concentration of albumin is measured by other techniques, one should take into account a significant difference between the effective and total concentrations of albumin. The reserve of albumin binding postoperatively decreased, by showing its minimum values on study day 14. The toxicity index increased from postoperative day 3. The maximum toxicity index was seen on days 7 and 14.

[Endogenous intoxication in patients with stomach cancer observed immediately after surgery].

Severe endogenous intoxication (El) can trigger immediately after surgery many complications right up to multiple organ failure. The evaluation of El according to a degree of toxemia is most objective up to now. The purpose of the case study was to follow up the dynamics of the main El laboratory indices and to evaluate the correlation between them in patients with stomach cancer during the early postoperative period. The El parameters were determined in 2 hours before surgery as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after surgery. The below indices were determined in blood of patients: toxicity index (TI), count of mean weight molecules (MWM), leukocytic intoxication index (LII) and total count of leukocytes (TCL). The study showed that, when patients with stomach cancer are admitted for surgical treatment, they have pronounced El, which intensifies even more postoperatively. The investigated laboratory indices are independently significant in the evaluation of the El degree. A reliable but faint correlation was found between the parameters of MWM and IT, and MWM and LII. TCL does not correlate reliably with other studied El parameters except for LII. The full-fledged evaluation of the El nature must be used in choosing purposefully detoxication methods with the aim of promoting the quality of postoperative treatment of patients with stomach cancer.

[A role of lipid peroxidation in postoperative impairments of thrombocytic hemostasis in patients with lung cancer]. / Rol' protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v posleoperatsionnom narushenii trombotsitarnogo gemostaza u bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The paper analyzes the time course of changes in spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels, and overall blood antioxidative capacity in the sera of patients with lung cancer after surgical treatment. The laboratory signs of impaired lipid peroxidation are shown to form by postoperative days 7 to 14. Depletion of the activity of antioxidants is followed by the elevated blood levels of MDA and may an additional factor of enhanced SPA. The use of antioxidants on postoperative days 7 to 14 will assist in avoiding the depletion of the antioxidative system. The efficiency of this therapy may be evaluated from SPA.

[Laboratory evaluation of endogenous intoxication in patients with stomach cancer during early postoperative period]. / Laboratornaia otsenka éndogennoi intoksikatsii u bol'nykh rakom zheludka v rannem posleoperatsionnom periode.

The total and effective concentrations of albumin, albumin-binding reserve in blood and toxicity index were determined in 25 patients with gastric cancer pre- and postoperatively as well as in 30 minutes and on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after surgery. The albumin concentration was shown to be decreasing postoperatively with its effective concentration tresspassing the norm values. As for the albumin-binding reserve, it was found to be decreased by 20-30% during the whole follow-up. The studied parameters ensure an effective monitoring of the postoperative period with their significance being more important in a worsening condition of patients.

[Clinical significance of albumin parameters in oncology patients]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia albuminovykh pokazatelei u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The paper contains modern data on the potentialities of determining the albumin parameters in clinical oncology. Finding of the total albumin concentration, effective albumin concentration, albumin binding reserve and toxicity index by using the K-35 fluorescence probe can be useful in diagnosing cancer, choosing a treatment scheme and in the course of treatment. The albumin parameters can be used, primarily, on a wide-scale basis in postoperative intensive care.

Conformation changes in albumin molecule as a marker of dissemination of the tumor process.

In 20 patients with stomach cancer the total and effective concentrations of blood albumin were measured using a fluorescent probe and albumin binding reserve was calculated. These parameters in two groups of patients (with local and disseminated process) differed significantly. Evaluation of the effective concentration and albumin binding reserve in cancer patients gives additional valuable information about patient's status. The effective concentration of albumin below 30 g/liter and albumin binding reserve below 70% can be regarded as a prognostically unfavorable sign indicating more extensive dissemination of the tumor process.

[Spontaneous aggregation of thrombocytes in the risk assessment of thrombogenic postoperative complications in lung cancer]. / Spontannaia agregatsiia trombotsitov v otsenke trombogennykh oslozhnenii posleoperatsionnogo perioda pri rake legkogo.

The changes in spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant blood volume (TABV) and total platelet count (TPC) in blood serum of patients with cancer of the lungs were postoperatively analyzed. The laboratory signs of impairments within the lipid peroxidation system/antioxidant protection were shown to take shape by postoperative days 7-14. Higher blood MDA levels were accompanied by a pronounced increase of SPA and TPC. It was suggested to use the SPA findings as an efficient laboratory criterion in diagnosing the impairments occurring in the platelet-vascular hemostasis chain.

[Hypotrypsinemia as a possible factor in the activation of motor function of the duodenum in pancreatic atrophy in rats]. / Gipotripsinemiia kak vozmozhnyi faktor aktivatsii motornoi funktsii dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki pri atrofii podzheludochnoi zhelezy u krys.

The effect of pancreas atrophy on myoelectrical activity of the duodenum and serum trypsin, trypsin inhibitor, amylase, lipase activity has been described. The activation of the duodenum motor activity has been established. The changes in the motor activity were connected with trypsin and trypsin inhibitor activity of serum. The motor activity changes were compensated by trypsin therapy.