Phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus circulating in China.

The genomic characterization of emerging pathogens is critical for unraveling their origin and tracking their dissemination. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in Asia including China. Although the first Lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreak was reported in 2019, the origin, transmission, and evolutionary trajectory of LSDV in China have remained obscure. The viral genome of a circulating LSDV strain in China, abbreviated LSDV/FJ/CHA/2021, was sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technique. The morphology and cytoplasmic viral factory of these LSDV isolates were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the genomic characterization of this LSDV isolate was systematically analyzed for the first time using the bioinformatics software. The current study revealed that several mutations in the genome of LSDV isolates circulating in China were identified using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, an instrument to evaluate for continuous adaptive evaluation of a virus. Furthermore, phylogenomic analysis was used to identify the lineage using the whole genome sequences of 44 LSDV isolates. The result revealed that the isolates from China were closely similar to that of the LSDV isolates from Vietnam, which are divided into a monophyletic lineage sub-group I. The SNPs and Simplot analysis indicate no significant occurrence of the recombinant event on the genome of LSDV isolates in China. Notably, the live virus challenge experiment demonstrated that the pathogenic characterization of this LSDV isolate belongs to a virulent strain. Collectively, we gain the first insight into the evolutionary trajectory, spatiotemporal transmission, and pathogenic characterization of circulating LSDV in China. This study provides a unique reference for risk assessment, guiding diagnostics, and prevention in epizootic and non-epizootic areas.

The comparative study revealed that the hTERT-CSF cell line was the most susceptible cell to the Lumpy skin disease virus infection among eleven cells.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a rapidly emerging pathogen in Asia, including China. Improving the propagation of LSDV is important for diagnostics and vaccine production. Our study identified and compared the LSDV susceptibility of eleven standard cells using western blot, indirect immune-fluorescence assay, quantitative PCR, and 50 % tissue culture infectious dose. Our finding revealed that the LSDV strain could infect five cell lines and show a cytopathic effect. Furthermore, the hTERT-CSF cell line had the highest level of virus in the five cell models, followed by BHK-21, MDBK, Vero, and hTERT-ST. Hence, hTERT-CSF could be used as a candidate cell line for basic and applied research, clinical application, and LSDV vaccine development, providing a vital reference in LSDV and other viruses.

Prevalence of ovine haemonchosis in wukro, ethiopia.

Background. Haemonchosis caused by Haemonchus contortus is a predominant, highly pathogenic, and economically important disease of sheep and goats. Objective. Assessing the prevalence of Haemonchus parasite and its associated risk factors in sheep slaughtered at different restaurants of Wukro. Methods. Cross-sectional study using random sampling from November 2013 to April 2014 in a total of 384 sheep was conducted and SPSS version 20 software using descriptive statistics was used for data analysis and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Result. The overall prevalence of Haemonchus contortus was 40.9% (n = 157). The prevalence in medium body condition 27.3% (n = 105) varies significantly from that of good body condition 13.5% (n = 52) (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was significant variation (P < 0.05) in the prevalence in young and adult sheep with rates of 21.9% (n = 84) and 19% (n = 73), respectively. At the same time, there is significant variation (P < 0.05) in male and female sheep with prevalence of 29.7% (n = 114) and 11.2% (n = 43), respectively. The prevalence of 25.3% (n = 97) in sheep that originated from Negash compared to Wukro and Agulae showed no significant variation (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The current finding revealed that significant numbers of sheep were affected by the parasites. Hence strategic deworming with good husbandry practice should be implemented.