The impact of obsessive dimension on symptoms and functioning in schizophrenia.

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) and Disorder (OCD) occur frequently in patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless the impact of OCS/OCD on clinical characteristics and outcome of schizophrenia remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of obsessive-compulsive dimension on symptom expression and functioning in schizophrenia. Sixty patients affected by schizophrenia completed the SCID-IV, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale and the Strauss and Carpenter Level of Functioning Rating Scale. Obsessive-compulsive dimension was associated neither with positive or disorganization symptoms nor with negative symptoms. By contrast, it adversely affected levels of functioning, with a major impact exerted by compulsions rather than obsessions. Obsessive-compulsive dimension appears to be independent from negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia and independently decreases social functioning.

Decrease of functioning in remitted and non-remitted patients 16 years after a first-episode schizophrenia.

In schizophrenia, a better level of functioning has been generally associated with symptomatic remission. However, this association has been supported by cross-sectional studies or by studies with a short follow-up period. Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) at the first episode and after a mean period of 16 years. At follow-up, patients were defined as remitters (R) or non-remitters (NR) according to the Remission Schizophrenia Working Group criteria. R (n = 18; 37.5%) compared to NR showed at the first episode a lower illness severity and a better level of functioning. A functional decline was found in both groups at follow-up, even though NR showed a more than twofold reduction than R. Better SOFAS scores at follow-up were predicted by baseline SOFAS score and less severe negative symptoms at follow-up. Schizophrenia implies a functional decline over time, regardless of the symptomatic remission status with negative symptoms playing a major role.

Severity of core symptoms in first episode schizophrenia and long-term remission.

A definable concept of symptomatic remission in schizophrenia has been proposed by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG). Nevertheless no studies to date assessed eventual differences in core symptoms at onset between remitters and non-remitters. The present study evaluated whether the severity of core symptoms differed among 48 patients with first episode schizophrenia (FES), and whether it predicted long-term (16-years) remission. Particularly, the present study aimed to verify if RSWG remission criteria might identify a sub-group of patients with mild core symptoms at their first episode. In the present study the severity of core symptoms was significantly lower in remitted than in non-remitted patients; interestingly, five out of the eight core symptoms already satisfied the severity criteria for remission in most remitted patients. Among the core symptoms only the severity of social withdrawal predicted the long-term outcome, while age at onset, duration of untreated psychosis and employment status did not exert any effect. Concluding, patients with FES presenting, mild core symptoms, particularly low negative symptoms, were more likely to reach long-term remission. Therefore, RSWG remission criteria seem to identify a subgroup of FES patients with mild severe core symptoms so with a higher probability to reach remission.

Predictors of symptomatic remission in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a 16years follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: Recent views on schizophrenia outcome and treatment suggest that symptomatic remission is possible, and a definition of remission has been proposed by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG). This study evaluated whether patients who achieved remission after several years of illness (R) showed psychopathological differences at the onset of their disorder compared to non-remitted (NR) patients. METHOD: Forty-eight patients with first-episode schizophrenia were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) both at the onset of illness and after a mean period of 16years. Patients were defined as R or NR according to the RSWG criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen patients (37.5%) were classified as R at follow-up. At onset, R patients showed a lower illness severity, less severe negative and general psychopathology symptoms compared to NR. Furthermore, they underwent fewer psychotic episodes than NR over the course of follow-up. Remission was predicted by lower severity of negative and general psychopathology symptoms at onset and by lesser number of psychotic episodes during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The symptomatic remission may be a viable outcome in schizophrenia, particularly for patients with a mild illness and less severe negative symptoms at onset and with few psychotic episodes over time.