ABSTRACT
Background The aetiological role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was evaluated by assessment of the presence and status of HPV DNA in a Kurdish population in the west of Iran. Methods One hundred and three paraffin-embedded ESCC tissue samples, diagnosed between 2007-2013, were included in the study. DNA was extracted and then HPV presence and genotypes were determined by PCR and INNO-LiPA genotyping, respectively. Results HPV DNA was detected in 11/103 (10.7%) of ESCCs. HPV-18 and HPV-16 genotypes were determined in five and six samples, respectively. Co-infection of HPV-6 was only found with HPV-18 in two cases. There were no statistically significant distinctions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases with regard to clinical and pathologic findings. Conclusion The present study indicates that, among a group of Kurdish people in two provinces in the west of Iran, as a low-risk ESCC area, HPV could be one of the risk factors, although in a small proportion of the patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/virology , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ethnology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Coinfection/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis , Esophageal Neoplasms/ethnology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma , Female , Genotype , Humans , Incidence , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Papillomavirus Infections/ethnology , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Finding a suitable marker with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of cancer is very desirable. This study was aimed to determine the diagnostic value of serum CYFRA21-1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for screening of lung cancer patients in western Iran. METHODS: This descriptive analytical case-control study was performed on 30 subjects with malignant and 81 with benign lung cancer. Serum levels of CYFRA21-1, CEA, and NSE were determined. RESULTS: The concentration of serum tumor markers was significantly higher in the malignant group than in the benign subjects. The highest sensitivity was obtained by measurement of serum NSE (73%). The highest specificity was obtained by measurement of serum CYFRA21-1 (95%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the usefulness of measuring CYFRA21-1 and NSE together for early screening of lung cancer in western Iran.
