Etude du codon 72 du gene p53 dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus au Senegal

Introduction: En dehors de l'infection par le Virus du Papillome Humain (HPV); des facteurs genetiques ont ete impliques dans la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus. L'allele Arginine du codon 72 du gene suppresseur de tumeur p53 (GC; Arg/Pro); a ete associe a une predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus chez differentes populations. Notre objectif etait d'etudier l'effet de ce polymorphisme chez une population senegalaise atteinte de cancer du col de l'uterus. Patientes et Methodes: 30 patientes atteintes de cancer du col de l'uterus ont ete recrutees et suivies a l'Institut Curie de l'Hopital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar et 93 femmes temoins bien portantes sans cancer du col diagnostique. Pour chaque individu; l'ADN a ete extrait a partir de sang total preleve sur tube EDTA. Le genotypage du codon 72 du gene p53 a ete realise par PCR-RFLP. Resultats et Discussion: Il n'a pas ete retrouve une association significative entre l'allele Arginine du codon 72 de p53 et la predisposition au cancer du col de l'uterus (p=0;354) de meme qu'il n'a pas ete retrouve de correlation entre l'allele Arginine et les types de lesions histologiques observees au niveau du col de l'uterus. Malgre l'absence d'association du codon 72 avec la survenue du cancer du col de l'uterus; le gene p53 reste toujours d'actualite dans ce cancer de par son role suppresseur de tumeur

[Diagnostic interest of Barr chromatin test in sex determination: about one case of male pseudohermaphrodism]. / Interet diagnostique du test chromatinien de Barr dans la determination de sexe: a propos d'un cas de pseudo- hermaphrodisme masculin.

INTRODUCTION: The Barr chromatin test is a medical cytogenetic test, very quick to make, consisting in determination of the percentage of Barr corpuscles that correspond to the condensation of the second X chromosome in female epithelial cells of mammal, which range between 20 and 50% the percentage of Barr corpuscles in male epithelial cells range between 2 and less than 5%). In the less developed countries where caryotype isn't realized, this test can give invaluable informations about individual sex. The aim of this study was to show the Barr chromatin test interest in the sexual ambiguity diagnosis orientation in some cases of these sexual ambiguities. PATIENT AND METHODS: To carry this study, we have done a Guard coloration on nude nucleus of epithelial cells taken on the cheeck internal side of our patient, a 19 years old woman that a gynaecologist had sent to us for sexual ambiguity. We have examinated the nude nucleus. RESULTS: None of the nude nucleus had showed a Barr corpuscle (0% of Barr corpuscles, corresponding to male chromatin sex). CONCLUSION: This rate has gived us a Morris syndrome diagnosis orientation; the diagnosis was confirmed later by the surgery and by the removal histological study. When caryotype or molecular biology are not available, the Barr chromatin test can represent a substitute biological test that can contribute to some sexual ambiguity diagnosis.

[Ultrastructural aspects of the spermatozoon abnormalities on infertile men in Senegal]. / Aspects ultrastructuraux desanomalies du spermatozoïde chez les hommes hypofeconds au Sénégal.

Oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia being frequently observed (44,1%) in male subjects among hypofertiles couples of the sample population, we studied it at the ultrastuctural level. Our investigations have shown that, in addition to morphological and functional abnormalities, spermatic cells in said persons also presented serious ultrasructural disorders which would cause sterility. However in the absence of specific codified treatment for the majority of abnormalities found in sperms and given the high cost of the utrastructural analysis, we propose to limit our study to precise cases of male sterility through routine sample evaluations.

Aspects ultrastructuraux des anomalies du spermatozoide

L'oligo-astheno-teratozoospermie etant frequemment observee (44;1) chez les sujets masculins des couples hypofeconds explores; nous l'avons l'etudiee sur le plan ultra- structural. Nos investigations ont montre; qu'outre les anomalies morphologiques et fonctionnelles; les gametes de tels spermes presentaient egalement de graves desor- dres ultrastructuraux qui seraient determinants dans l'echec de la reproduction des couples concernes. Cependant en l'absence de traitement codifie et specifique pour la plupart des anomalies retrouvees dans les spermes et devant le cout eleve de l'analyse ultrastructurale; nous proposons de limiter cet examen a des cas precis de sterilite conjugale selectionnes par l'intermediaire des bilans de routine

[Condyloms, dysplasia and carcinomas of cervix: a twenty years experience (1980 - 1999)]. / Condylomes, dysplasies et carcinomes du col utérin: notre expérience en vingt ans (1980 - 1999).

After twenty years of semi-regular detection(1980-1990) concerning 100,358 cervical smears carried out in the Cytology Laboratory in the CHU of Dakar, we have determined the types of cervical lesions in our study. We've found 21.03% of precancerous and cancerous lesions with 17.56% of CIN1, 2.49% of CIN2 and 0.49% of CIN3 and carcinomas. We've observed 9.07% of normal smears, 69.89% of benign cellular modifications, 17.56% of low grade lesions of Bethesda and 3.47% of high grade lesions of Bethesda. These very high figures show that on the one hand precancerous cervical lesions represent a serious public health concern in Senegal, on the other hand regular detection has become an urgent need in Dakar and in the other regions of Senegal where it's not carried out at all at the present time.

[Femoral implants of coral and ceramics: histological results after 120 days]. / Implants fémoraux de corail et de céramique: résultats histologiques à 120 jours.

The authors have made an histological study of the evolution, after 120 days, of coral implant and tricalcic phosphate ceramic implant in each femur of 12 rabbits. The results have shown on the one hand that ceramic is resorbed faster than coral, on the other hand that for both types of biomaterials the resorption was much faster for the implants in contact with the bone-marrow than for those which were not.

[Value of post coital and cytological sperm tests in conjugal sterility in Senegal]. / Intérêt des tests post-coitaux et cyto-spermiologiques dans l'exploration de la stérilite conjugale au Sénégal.

Conjugal infertility in Senegal is surrounded with accusatory believes most oftenly unfavourable to woman who is generally incriminated and, in somes cases, repudied. This study is an account of a research work carried out on conjugal infertility causes analysis, using post coital and cytospermiologic tests. It aims to help our populations to better appreciate the conjugal infertility by giving them elements for an objective appraisal of this flail, particulary about the mutual responsabilities of the two partners. In a first stage, we run post coital tests with 4636 Negro-African infertile couples living in Senegal, at the Clinical Cytology, Cytogenetics, and Reproductive Biology Laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in a period dated from 1983 to 1996. Post coital tests were abnormal for 3838 couples and 3150 of them had anomalies incriminating the husbands. In a second stage, post coital tests were suggested to these 3150 husbands, but only 2842 accepted the post coital test suggestion. The others refused it for sociocultural reasons. It stooks out of this study that: the responsability in the conjugal sterility is mixed and shared by both partners in 43.78% cases, the masculine responsability (38.30%) ruled the feminine one (17.92%) contrary to local believes, almost one husband out of four (23.89%) presented azoospermy, the feminine responsability is ruled by infection factors that represented half of the glair abnormalities (50%). These results contradict the present local mentalities and believes which accuse principally the woman.

[The role of Hühner's direct post-coital test in the evaluation of conjugal sterility in the African environment in Senegal. (Apropos of 2593 post-coital tests performed by the clinical cytology, cytogenetic and reproduction biology laboratory at the University Hospital Center in Dakar, Senegal) 1983-1993]. / Place du test post-coïtal direct de Hühner dans le bilan de la stérilité conjugale en milieu africain au Sénégal. (A propos de 2593 tests post-coïtaux réalisés par le laboratoire de cytologie clinique, cyto-génétique et biologie de la reproduction du CHU de Dakar, Sénégal) 1983-1993.

About 2593 post-coïtal tests (PCT) or Hühner direct tests were realised in the laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics and reproductive biology of the University medical Centre of Dakar, Senegal from 1983 to 1993. Analysing the results, the authors showed the importance of the infectious factor in women and also the role of male deficiency in conjugal sterility in black African environment. These realities have been confirmed cytospermiologic test deficient results. These sperm exams have shown among other things, the prevailing number of azoospermia (25%) and of oligo-asthénotératozoospermia (44%) in husbands of sterile women in the black African environment of Senegal. Pap's Tests have been jointly realised at the same time as 1902 PCT. The results have enabled us to track down 120 cervix with precancerous and cancerous cell alterations; 81 condylomas (HPV), 25 CIN1, 11 CIN2 and 3 CIN3 (CIN: cervical intra-epithelial Neoplasia). These facts suggest a cautious technics, and a prudent interpretation of the results and taking into account the competence and the subjectivity of the practitioner. We have learnt from the study that we must give as much as possible to biologists of Reproduction in southern countries, where conjugal sterility and cervix precancerous and cancerous cell alterations are high, a polyvalent training so that they can practise jointly the post-coïtal or Hühner direct test (PCT) and the Papanicolaou Colpocytologic Test (TP), provided that one owes a microscope.

Detection by PCR of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical lesions of Senegalese women.

In order to analyse human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Senegalese population, HPV DNA was sought in 65 women with evidence of cervical cytological abnormality and in 72 pregnant women. Ninety-four percent of the patients were positive for HPV DNA as compared to 24% of pregnant women. HPV 16 was detected in cervical smears in 42% of cases, HPV 18 in 39%, HPV 6 in 26%, HPV 11 in 15%, HPV 45 in 10%, HPV 52 in 3%, and HPV 31, HPV 33 and HPV 68 in 1.5%. HPV 16 and HPV 18 were detected in 16% and 7% respectively of pregnant women. HPV DNA of unknown type was detected in 6% of cases, and multiple HPV infections were observed in 28% of cases. Low risk genital HPVs (6/11) were detected in smaller proportions (17%) among high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) than the low grade SILs (43%). High risk HPVs (16/18) were detected in high proportions both in low and high grade SIL lesions, though the highest frequency (70%) was observed among patients with high grade lesions. In conclusion, the results confirm that HPV infections are frequent in Senegal and that HPV 18 and 45 are detected in a high proportion of patients in Africa.

Detection of antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 virions by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant HPV 16 L1 capsids produced by recombinant baculovirus.

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) was expressed in Sf-21 insect cells with a recombinant baculovirus. Virus-like particles obtained were purified and used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of anti-HPV-16 antibodies in sera from 76 women with evidence of genital HPV infection and 79 controls. HPV-16-infected individuals developed antibodies directed at HPV-16 virions since reactivity against recombinant HPV-16L1 capsids was observed in 50% of them compared with only 6% in the general adult population. However, some cross-reactivities with sera from women infected with others HPV types were observed.

Detection of antibodies to L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, and 16 by ELISA using synthetic peptides.

Antibodies against eight synthetic peptides spanning different epitopes located on L1, L2, and E4 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 6, and 11 were examined in sera from 73 women infected by HPV and from 139 healthy controls. Only three of these peptides were reactive. Two located on proteins L2 and E4 of HPV 16 seem type specific since antibodies to these peptides were detected, respectively, in 21% and 15% of the HPV 16 infected patients and in 2.5% and none of women infected by other HPVs. The third peptide located on the L1 protein of HPV 6 bears a common epitope since antibodies to this peptide were detected not only in 85% of women infected by HPV 6 or 11, but also in 82% of women infected by other HPVs, and in 74% and 71% of the control groups (10-12-year-old children and adults, respectively). In conclusion, none of the peptides investigated seems useful to develop ELISAs for serological diagnosis of HPV infection.

[Conjugal sterility at Dakar CHU: epidemiological profile and evaluation limits apropos of 429 cases]. / Stérilité conjugale au chu de Dakar: profil épidémiologique et limites du bilan a propos de 429 cas.

The writers draw up the outcome of the medical management of infertiles couples at Dakar's teaching hospital over a period of 7 years (1983-1989). Restrictives factors (low rate incomes, social and psychological obstacles) make that médical management difficult. The responsibilities are shared among the couple with sex ratio of 1 man for 3 women. Among the women the etiologies dominated are the sterility of the Phaloppe tubes (81%) among men with the oligo and the azoospermy (32 and 27%). Sterility within married couples is a problem of public health that becomes more acute every day. A better handling of this problem through preventive medicine and elementary sanitary training is necessary.

Sterilite conjugale au CHU de Dakar : Profil epidemiologique et limites du bilan

Cette etude retrospective repose sur une serie continue de 1824 couples steriles venus consulter a l'unite de consultation externe de la Clinique Gynecologique et Obstetrique du CHU de Dakar; pendant une periode de 7 ans; de 1983 a 1989. Cette experience de prise en charge de couples steriles montre que les responsabilites sont partagees au sein du couple et que la sterilite est un reel probleme de sante publique

[HLA and molar pregnancies (triploidies, hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinoma). Etiological and epidemiological study]. / HLA et grossesses molaires (triploïdies, môles hydatiformes, choriocarcinome). Etude étiologique et épidémiologique.

Etiological and epidemiological studies of triploid and hydatidiform molar conceptuses were done using HLA polymorphism. The segregation of HLA markers allowed to know the etiology of 25 triploidies and 19 hydatidiform moles. Five other moles and a post molar choriocarcinoma were also studied by molecular hybridization. This confirms that triploidies in about 3/4 of the cases involved two sets of paternal chromosomes mainly by di-sperm. Hydatidiform moles from Algeria, France and Senegal were all of androgenic origin excepted for one case. DNA analysis of the choriocarcinoma demonstrated the presence of a paternal marker suggesting for this case a direct cellular lineage from the mole. Positive associations with HLA A 28 and B 7 were found which could be related to gametogenesis-fecundation dysfunction. A slight excess of antigens shared by parents of triploidies was shown. This was not observed for parents of hydatidiform moles but when they shared HLA antigens a preferential inheritance in the mole of the shared specificities was observed. This relative compatibility of the molar conceptus with the mother may be an element of the process that prevent its early rejection.

Antibodies to HTLV-I p24 in African and Portuguese populations.

Using a radioimmunoassay to detect HTLV-I protein antibodies of molecular weight 24,000, we screened populations from Algeria (140 subjects), Tunisia (442), Mali (69), Senegal (415), Uganda (135), the Central African Republic (77), the Congo (360), and Madagascar (193). Only four subjects were positive (1 from Senegal, 1 from Uganda, 2 from the Congo). This is a much lower figure than that found by others in Africa by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. In addition, 319 Portuguese blood donors (46 of whom have lived in Angola or Mozambique) were screened using the same radioimmunoassay. All were negative.

Androgenetic origin of African complete hydatidiform moles demonstrated by HLA markers.

The polymorphism of HLA antigens was used as a marker to investigate the genetic origin of hydatidiform moles in Senegal. An androgenetic etiology was demonstrated. When both parents shared HLA antigens a preferential inheritance in the mole of the shared specificities was observed. This relative compatibility of the molar conceptus with the mother may be an element of the process that prevents its early rejection.