The Effect of Happiness Educational Program of Fordyce on the Sense of Coherence and Psychological Well-being of Adolescents with a Parent with Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Having a parent with cancer is one of the risk factors for adolescents, which makes them face many psychological problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of Happiness Educational Program of Fordyce on the sense of coherence and psychological well-being of adolescents who have a parent with cancer. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 92 adolescents whose diagnosed parents have referred to the oncology ward of Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Yasuj, from June to September 2021, were selected through the convenience sampling method; however, they were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of the intervention or control. The number of sessions in the intervention group was 6, each consisting of 60 minutes and performed one day a week for 6 weeks. In addition to the demographic information form, the Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence Questionnaire-13 and the Ryff's scale of Psychological Well-being-18 were used before and immediately after the intervention. Data were analyzed through SPSS software, version 21, using statistical tests of Chi-square, t-test, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon. Results: After the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the median scores of the sense of coherence (P<0.001) and psychological well-being (P<0.001) between the two groups of intervention and control. Conclusion: Although the Happiness Educational Program of Fordyce could improve the sense of coherence and psychological well-being of adolescents who have a parent with cancer, more investigations are recommended to be conducted.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20210331050795N1.

A comparative study on the effects of Mitchell and Benson relaxation techniques on quality of life of the old people in nursing homes: a quasi- experimental study.

BACKGROUND: There is slight evidence on the effectiveness of relaxation techniques to improve quality of life of the old people, and no comparative studies have particularly investigated this population. Hence, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of Mitchell relaxation versus Benson relaxation technique to improve quality of life of the old people. METHODS: In the present quasi-experimental study, 96 eligible old people in a nursing home were selected by available sampling method. Afterwards, they were assigned to three groups: Mitchell's Relaxation Technique, Benson Relaxation Technique, and control (each of 32 participants) using the random block sampling method. The intervention groups received relaxation for 8 weeks and 3 sessions of 20 min each week. However, the control group did not receive any relaxation. Data was gathered by questionnaires (SF-36) and (CASP-19) before (week 0) and after the intervention (week 8) and were analyzed using the SPSS software version 26. RESULTS: The results indicated that both Benson and Mitchell relaxation had improved the quality of life (SF-36) and (CASP-19) and their sub-scales in the participants compare to the control group (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the median (quartile 25, 75) of the specific quality of life of the participants before the intervention was 21 (18.25, 25.75) in the Benson group, 20.5 (16, 24) in the Michel group, and 21 (16.25, 24) in the control group. However, after the intervention they reached 35(26.25, 38.75), 34.5(26.75, 42.25), and 17 (14, 21) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the Benson and Michel relaxation groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, Benson and Mitchell relaxation techniques improve the quality of life of the old people. If the results be confirmed in other studies, the education of each of them, especially for the old people living in nursing homes and their caregivers, is suggested as routine care.

The Effect of Family-Centered Intervention on Key Indicators of Diabetes Management and Control in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes.

Background: This study is to determine the effect of the family-centered intervention (FCIS) on the key indicators of diabetes management and Control control in patients with type-2 diabetes. Method: The present study is a quiz- experimental study with a randomized control group. Participants were 64 patients with type-2 diabetes visiting Ali Asghar Hospital of Isfahan in 2018. The eligible patients were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group (i.e., patient-center care) through block randomization. FCIS were implemented in 4 two-hour sessions as home visits while the patients and their caregivers were present. Data were collected twice-i.e. before the intervention and 12 weeks after it- and were analyzed, by running a t-test (α = 0.05), using SPSS-21. Results: The mean ± SD age of participants was 50.4 ± 8.5. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean weight, serum levels of FBS and A1C, physical activity, energy intake, and BMI before intervention. But, a significant improvement in the mean values of these variables in the intervention group after the intervention, compared with the control group was indicated (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that FCIS are more effective than patient-center care in the management and control of type-2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that the family be considered in educational interventions.

Effect of chamomile aromatherapy with and without oxygen on pain of women in post cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Pain is the most common side effect in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. It seems that oxygen therapy and chamomile aromatherapy may diminish pain. The present study was conducted to examine and compare the effect of chamomile aromatherapy with and without oxygen on the severity of pain of women following cesarean section surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: The present randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 136 women undergoing cesarean section surgery with spinal anesthesia at Imam Sajad Hospital, Yasuj, Iran in 2020. The eligible women were assigned into four 34-member groups including oxygen therapy plus aromatherapy, oxygen therapy, aromatherapy, and control via block randomization. Each of these interventions were performed 6, 6.30 and 7 h post operation. In the first intervention group, one drop of chamomile essential oil with distilled water was poured into a small nebulizer using a simple mask connected to 6 L of oxygen. The second intervention group received oxygen without chamomile aromatherapy at similar times, and the third intervention group received chamomile aromatherapy without oxygen. The control group received only routine interventions. The instrument used in the research was visual analog scale which was completed by the researcher 6, 12, 18 h after cesarean section. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 20. Results: There was a significant difference in the intensity of pain of patients between the various groups of study following the interventions (P < 0.001). Pain intensity reduced significantly in the group receiving combined intervention of chamomile aromatherapy plus oxygen compared to the other three groups. Moreover, the pain intensity diminished more in the groups undergoing each of these interventions alone as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined intervention of chamomile aromatherapy with oxygen was more effective than each of the chamomile aromatherapy and oxygen interventions alone in reducing the pain of cesarean section patients though each intervention alone was still effective in lowering pain post-operation.

Effect of Leventhal's self-regulatory intervention on the hypertensive patients' illness perception and lifestyle: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The perception of illness may lead to improving the hypertensive patients' lifestyle, but no study was found in this regard. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of intervention based on Leventhal's self-regulatory model on the illness perception and lifestyle of patients with hypertension. METHODS: In the present randomized controlled trial study, ninety eligible patients with primary hypertension were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of intervention and control. Patients in the intervention group received five sessions of Leventhal's self-regulatory intervention, each of 60 min and weekly. However the control group received routine care. The outcomes were illness perception and lifestyle of the patients with hypertension. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Lifestyle Questionnaire were administered to assess illness perception and lifestyle before the treatment to establish a baseline and subsequently 12 weeks after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using statistical IMB SPSS software, version 21. Qualitative data were analyzed using Chi-Square test or Fisher's Exact test, and the Independent Sample t- test and Paired Sample t- test were used for analyzing quantitative data. RESULTS: Leventhal's self-regulatory intervention improved subscales of illness perception (p < 0.05) except for emotional representations and consequences. The global mean scores of the hypertensive patients ̓ lifestyle in the intervention group significantly increased from 102.8 ± 2.3 at the baseline to 112.1 ± 3 post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions based on Leventhal's self-regulatory model could improve the illness perception and lifestyle of patients with hypertension. Trial registration The present randomized controlled trial study was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Website (IRCT); ID: IRCT20141222020401N6 on 8/5/2019.

The Effect of Breastfeeding Versus Sensorial Saturation on Infants' Behavioral Responses of Pain following Pentavalent Vaccination on 4 and 6 Month Old Infants: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study.

Background: Pain is the fifth vital sign and its proper management in infants is important. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of breastfeeding versus sensorial saturation on infants' behavioral responses of pain following Pentavalent vaccination on 4 and 6-month old babies. Methods: This single blind randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on Shahid Dastgheib Health center in Yasuj, from May to September 2016. Eligible infants (N=180) were selected using convenience sampling method. Then, using block randomization method, we assigned the participants to one of the three groups of Breastfeeding (N=60), Sensorial saturation (N=60), and Control (N=60). The infants' behavioral responses of pain were measured using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) and duration of crying following Pentavalent vaccination. Data were analyzed through SPSS software 22 using Chi square, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn 's multiple comparison tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results of the study showed that the MBPS mean scores for breast feeding, sensorial saturation, and control groups in 4-month old infants were 6.60±1.60, 5.40±1.30 and 8.90±0.40, and those of 6-month old ones were 7.20±1.10, 6.10±0.90 and 9±0.50, respectively. Also, both the breastfeeding and the sensorial saturation groups scored significantly lower in behavioral responses of pain and crying duration on both 4 and 6-month old infants compared to the control group (P<0.05). Sensorial saturation group significantly scored lower in behavioral responses of pain and crying duration on 4 and 6 month old infants than the breastfeeding group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both breastfeeding and sensorial saturation could diminish the infants' behavioral responses of pain following Pentavalent vaccination; however, sensorial saturation was more effective than breastfeeding. Trail Registration Number: IRCT2016051527916N1.

The Effect of Local Heat Therapy versus Cold Rub Gel on Pain and Joint Functions in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.

This study compared the effect of local heat therapy versus cold rub gel on pain and joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. One hundred seventeen patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to cold rub gel, local heat therapy, and control group. Data were collected by knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score at a week prior to the interventions and on weeks of 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the interventions. A significant difference was found between the three groups in terms of pain severity (p = .001), joint symptoms (p = .001), ADL function (p = .001), Sport and Recreation function (p = .001), except Knee related QOL (p = .3). Cold rub gel and heat therapy were both effective in improving pain and joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Randomized Controlled Trial Study of the Impact of a Spiritual Intervention on Hope and Spiritual Well-Being of Persons with Cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of spiritual intervention on hope and spiritual well-being of persons with cancer. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial in which 74 patients with cancer referring to a chemotherapy ward of Shahid Rajaie Hospital in Yasuj city, Iran, were participated. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Spiritual-based intervention was performed based on the protocol in four main fields namely; religious, existence, emotional and social over 5 sessions before chemotherapy. The participants in the control group had received usual cares. Data were collected using Snyder's Hope Scale and Ellison's Scale Spiritual Well-Being Scale on a week before and after intervention. RESULTS: The total mean scores of the scales of hope and spiritual well-being in both groups did not present statistical differences in the pre-intervention assessment. In contrast, at the post assessment, significant differences (p<0.001) were found in the mean scores between the intervention and control groups on the hope scale (60.9 versus 39.8) and on the spiritual well-being scale (94.3 versus 71.6). CONCLUSIONS: Spiritual intervention could promote hope and spiritual well-being of persons with cancer.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Study of the Impact of a Spiritual Intervention on Hope and Spiritual Well-Being of Persons with Cancer / Ensayo controlado aleatorio sobre el impacto de una intervención espiritual en la esperanza y el bienestar espiritual de los personas con cáncer / Ensaio controlado aleatório sobre o impacto de uma intervenção espiritual na esperança e no bem-estar espiritual de pessoas com câncer

Objective. To determine the impact of spiritual intervention on hope and spiritual well-being of persons with cancer. Methods. Randomized controlled trial in which 74 patients with cancer referring to a chemotherapy ward of Shahid Rajaie Hospital in Yasuj city, Iran, were participated. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Spiritual-based intervention was performed based on the protocol in four main fields namely; religious, existence, emotional and social over 5 sessions before chemotherapy. The participants in the control group had received usual cares. Data were collected using Snyder's Hope Scale and Ellison's Scale Spiritual Well-Being Scale on a week before and after intervention. Results. The total mean scores of the scales of hope and spiritual well-being in both groups did not present statistical differences in the pre-intervention assessment. In contrast, at the post assessment, significant differences (p<0.001) were found in the mean scores between the intervention and control groups on the hope scale (60.9 versus 39.8) and on the spiritual well-being scale (94.3 versus 71.6). Conclusion. Spiritual intervention could promote hope and spiritual well-being of persons with cancer.

Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de una intervención espiritual en la esperanza y el bienestar espiritual de las personas con cáncer. Métodos. Ensayo controlado aleatorio en el que participaron 74 pacientes con cáncer que acudieron a una sala de quimioterapia del Hospital Shahid Rajaie de la ciudad de Yasuj (Irán). Los pacientes elegibles se asignaron aleatoriamente al grupo de intervención o al de control. Durante 5 sesiones, y antes de la quimioterapia, se llevó a cabo una intervención espiritual basada en un protocolo con cuatro campos principales: religioso, existencia, emocional y social. Los participantes en el grupo control recibieron el cuidado usual. Los datos se recogieron mediante la aplicación de la escala de esperanza de Snyder, una semana antes y una semana después de la intervención, y de la escala de bienestar espiritual de Ellison. Resultados. Las puntuaciones medias de las escalas de esperanza y bienestar espiritual en ambos grupos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas en la evaluación pre-intervención. En cambio, en la evaluación posterior, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.001) en las puntaciones medias entre los grupos de intervención y de control en la escala de esperanza (60.9 frente a 39.8) y en la escala de bienestar espiritual (94.3 frente a 71.6). Conclusión. La intervención espiritual podría promover la esperanza y el bienestar espiritual de las personas con cáncer.

Objetivo. Determinar o impacto de uma intervenção espiritual na esperança e no bem-estar espiritual das pessoas com câncer. Métodos. Ensaio controlado aleatório envolvendo 74 pacientes com câncer que frequentaram uma sala de quimioterapia no Hospital Shahid Rajaie na cidade de Yasuj (Irã). Os pacientes elegíveis foram aleatoriamente designados para o grupo de intervenção ou controle. Durante 5 sessões, e antes da quimioterapia, foi realizada uma intervenção espiritual baseada em um protocolo com quatro campos principais: religioso, existencial, emocional e social. Os participantes do grupo controle receberam os cuidados habituais. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação da Escala de Esperança de Snyder e da Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual de Ellison uma semana antes e uma semana após a intervenção. Resultados. Os escores médios das escalas de esperança e bem-estar espiritual em ambos os grupos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas na avaliação pré-intervenção. Por outro lado, na avaliação subsequente, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p <0.001) nas pontuações médias entre os grupos intervenção e controle na escala de esperança (60,9 vs. 39.8) e na escala de bem-estar espiritual (94.3 vs. 71.6). Conclusão. A intervenção espiritual pode promover esperança e bem-estar espiritual para pessoas com câncer.

Exploring Barriers and Facilitators of Inter-Organizational Management in Response to Mass Casualty Traffic Incidents: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and understand the current status of inter-organizational management in relief organizations as well as the relief organizations personnel behavior when facing mass traffic incidents (MCTI). The inter-organizational barriers and facilitators are also discussed in response to MCTI management and in order to help direct future actions to improve pre-hospital emergency services. METHODS: The current qualitative study was performed through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals from pre-hospital emergency services authorities and personnel, Red Crescent and Yazd, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars, and Qom provinces police. These provinces were selected by purposive sampling in 2018-2019. The conventional content analysis method was applied to analyze the data in this research. RESULTS: Three main categories and 14 subcategories were determined. The categories are including relief organizations coordination (having four subcategories: independent relief organizations, interdepartmental services integration, insufficient knowledge of organizations about one other, and performance based on job descriptions), resource and infrastructure management (having four subcategories: adverse information management, proper information management, lack of medical resources and capacities considered, and upgrading of medical resources and capacities considered), and response management of relief organizations (having six subcategories: incomplete assessment, improving the quality of assessment, weakness in establishing scene security, scene security management, poor response, and cooperation in response). CONCLUSION: Relief organizations need to perform under a unified command. It has inter-organizational cooperation and provide integration of interdepartmental services in order to manage responsiveness at the scene. It also prevents an independent, chaos, and inability of the injured to properly understand and needs in MCTI.

Nurses' caring behaviour and its correlation with moral sensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Different and contradictory results have been reported for nurses' caring behaviour and moral sensitivity. AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the correlation between nurses' caring behaviour and moral sensitivity. METHODS: The research was a descriptive, correlational study. Data were collected using moral sensitivity (range: 0-100) and caring behaviour (range: 24-144) questionnaires. A total of 250 nurses who worked in the clinical wards of Yasuj teaching hospitals in 2018, were selected by systematic random sampling. The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 19 for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests. RESULTS: Seventy-four percent of nurses had moderate moral sensitivity (50-74). Nurses' moral sensitivity and caring behaviour mean scores were reported to be 59.5 ± 11.1 (range: 31-87) (Potential range 0--100) and 110.99 ± 17.99 (range: 69-94) (Potential range 22-144), respectively. The Pearson test showed a positive correlation between nurses' caring behaviour and moral sensitivity at a 99% level (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' moral sensitivity and caring behaviour were found to be moderate and good, respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behaviour in nurses, that is, nurses provided better caring behaviour as levels of moral sensitivity increased.

Oral Mucositis: Examining the Combined Solution of Grape Vinegar and Rose Water Versus Chlorhexidine Mouthwash.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the efficacy of chemical mouthwashes for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the effect of the combined solution of grape vinegar and rose water versus chlorhexidine mouthwash on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. METHODS: 60 patients were randomly assigned to either chlorhexidine or the vinegar and rose water solution. Fifty-three patients completed the study. Patients rinsed their mouths with mouthwash three times a day for 14 days. FINDINGS: Chlorhexidine mouthwash and the grape vinegar and rose water solution decreased chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. The therapeutic property of the grape vinegar and rose water solution was similar to that of chlorhexidine mouthwash in treating oral mucositis.

The effect of Fennel seed powder on estradiol levels, menopausal symptoms, and sexual desire in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to determine the effect of Fennel seed powder on menopausal symptoms, sexual desire, and serum estradiol levels in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 80 eligible women (45-60 y) who were referred to the Mofatteh Gynecology Clinic in Yasuj, Iran. Participants were randomized into equal intervention and control (control) groups. The intervention and control groups received four capsules of Fennel seed powder (2 gr) and starch-containing capsules (2 gr) daily over 8 weeks, respectively. Menopausal symptoms and sexual desire of the participants were evaluated using both the menopausal Kupperman index and Hurlbert index of sexual desire. The questionnaires were completed at baseline, week 4 and week 8 of the study by the participants. The serum estradiol levels were measured at baseline and also at the end of the study. The Chi-square test, independent t test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Menopausal symptoms score significantly decreased from 30.8 ±â€Š6 to 19 ±â€Š5.5 in the intervention group and also from 31.2 ±â€Š6.5 to 26.4 ±â€Š6.2 in the control group (P < 0.05). Treatment with Fennel seed did not significantly enhance the participants sexual desire (P > 0.05). The estradiol levels declined in the intervention (from 60.4 ±â€Š43.4 to 52.6 ±â€Š25.7) and control groups (from 55.1 ±â€Š22.4 to 39.9 ±â€Š26.9). However, this decrease was lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The intergroup differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated that daily use of Fennel seed significantly improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women over 8 weeks, though its effect on estradiol levels and sexual desire was not significant. Further studies with a larger sample size and longer duration are needed to verify these findings.

Orem's Self-Care Model with Multiple Sclerosis Patients' Balance and Motor Function.

Orem's self-care model has been introduced as a nursing model to empower participants with chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of nursing interventions using Orem's self-care model with multiple sclerosis participants' balance and motor function. Sixty-three participants with multiple sclerosis were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The nursing intervention using Orem's self-care model was performed for eight sessions of 45-60 minutes in the intervention group. In the intervention group, a significant increase (improvement) was observed in the mean scores of balance before (17.09 ± 1.97) and after the intervention (33.75 ± 6.01). A significant decrease (improvement) was observed in the mean of motor functions before (4.12 ± 0.34) and after the intervention (1.59 ± 0.71) (p = 0.001). However, no significant difference existed in the mean scores of balance (p = 0.10) and motor function in the control group (p = 0.20). The nursing intervention using Orem's self-care model improved balance and motor function of participants with multiple sclerosis.

Effectiveness of shifting traditional lecture to interactive lecture to teach nursing students.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine effectiveness of interactive lecture in teaching nursing students compared to traditional lecture. METHODS: This study is a quasi-experimental design in which 29 students participated in eighteen sessions of intensive nursing care in Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran. These sessions were randomly allocated for the interactive lecture and the traditional lecture. The interactive lecture consists in this steps: explaining the learning objectives, taking the pre-test, teaching the subjects of each session, Group discussion with introduction of the clinical cases, answering students' questions and mutual feedbacks, taking the post-test, and introducing students' future activities. The effectiveness of applied teaching method was evaluated through pre-test, post-test of each session, mid-term and final exams. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were observed in terms of students' mean score (p=0.001) and their satisfaction (p=0.001) in the interactive teaching method compared to traditional lectures. Further preparation, active participation and received immediate feedback were some benefits reported for the interactive teaching method. CONCLUSIONS: The interactive lecture resulted in significant learning and furthers nursing students' active participation in the teaching-learning process.

Effectiveness of shifting traditional lecture to interactive lecture to teach nursing students

Objective. This study was conducted to examine effectiveness of interactive lecture in teaching nursing students compared to traditional lecture. Methods. This study is a quasi-experimental design in which 29 students participated in eighteen sessions of intensive nursing care in Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran. These sessions were randomly allocated for the interactive lecture and the traditional lecture. The interactive lecture consists in this steps: explaining the learning objectives, taking the pre-test, teaching the subjects of each session, Group discussion with introduction of the clinical cases, answering students' questions and mutual feedbacks, taking the post-test, and introducing students' future activities. The effectiveness of applied teaching method was evaluated through pre-test, post-test of each session, mid-term and final exams. Results. Significant statistical differences were observed in terms of students' mean score (p=0.001) and their satisfaction (p=0.001) in the interactive teachingmethod compared to traditional lectures. Further preparation, active participation and received immediate feedback were some benefits reported for the interactive teaching method. Conclusion. The interactive lecture resulted in significant learning and furthers nursing students' active participation in the teaching-learning process.

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de las clases interactivas para la enseñanza de la enfermería a estudiantes en comparación con las clases tradicionales. Métodos. Este estudio es un diseño cuasi-experimental en el que participaron 29 estudiantes en dieciocho sesiones para la enseñanza de cuidados intensivos de enfermería en una universidad en Irán. Las sesiones de las clases interactivas y tradicionales se asignaron al azar. La clase interactiva tenía los pasos: explicar los objetivos de aprendizaje, tomar la prueba previa, enseñar los temas de cada sesión, discutir en grupo los casos clínicos, responder las preguntas de los alumnos y hacer la retroalimentación mutua, realizar la prueba posterior, e introducir las actividades futuras que realizarían los alumnos. La efectividad del método de enseñanza aplicado se evaluó mediante la comparación de la prueba previa con la posterior de cada sesión y de los exámenes intermedios con los finales. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en términos de la puntuación media pre y post-test (p<0.001) y de la satisfacción con el método (p<0.001) en las clases interactivas en comparación con las clases tradicionales. La preparación adicional, la participación activa y la retroalimentación recibida fueron algunos de los beneficios reportados para el método de enseñanza interactivo. Conclusión. En los estudiantes de enfermería la clase interactiva produjo aprendizaje significativo y fomentó la participación activa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade das aulas interativas para o ensino da enfermagem a estudantes em comparação com as aulas tradicionais. Métodos. Este estudo é um desenho quase-experimental no qual 29 estudantes participaram em dezoito sessões para o ensino de cuidados intensivos de enfermagem numa universidade no Irã. As sessões das aulas interativas e tradicionais se designaram por azar. A aula interativa tinha os passos: explicar os objetivos de aprendizagem; tomar a prova prévia; ensinar os assuntos de cada sessão; discutir em grupo os casos clínicos; responder as perguntas dos alunos e fazer a retroalimentação mútua; realizar a prova posterior; e introduzir as atividades futuras que realizariam os alunos. A efetividade do método de ensino aplicado se avaliou através da comparação da prova prévia com a posterior de cada sessão e dos exames intermédios com os finais. Resultados. Se observaram diferenças estatísticas significativas em termos da pontuação média pré e post-test (p<0.001) e da satisfação com o método (p<0.001) nas aulas interativas em comparação com as aulas tradicionais. A preparação adicional, a participação ativa e a retroalimentação recebida foram alguns benefícios reportados para o método de ensino interativo. Conclusão. Nos estudantes de enfermagem a aula interativa produziu aprendizagem significativo e fomentou a participação ativa no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Comparing the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) with guided imagery on pain severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies reported the reduction of pain following eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and guided imagery; however, the effectiveness of these modalities was not compared. The current study aimed to compare the effects of EMDR and guided imagery on pain severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 75 patients were selected using non-random method, and then allocated into two intervention groups and one control group. Interventions were conducted individually in six consecutive sessions for the intervention groups. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale was used for data collection before and after the interventions. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. Significance level was considered at P<0.05. RESULTS: The post-intervention mean scores of physiological, affective, sensory-discriminative, and cognitive pain sub-scales for patients in guided imagery group were 16.3±2.2, 13.9±2.2, 30.6±3.4, and 23.2±3, respectively. The post-intervention mean scores of these sub-scales in the EMDR group were 22±1.5, 18.1±1.8, 39.6±2.8, and 29±1.8, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the mean pain score between EMDR and guided imagery groups, and also between each intervention group and the control group (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Guided imagery and EMDR could reduce pain in rheumatoid arthritis, but pain reduction was more following the EMDR than guided imagery.

Investigating the combined effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise and mindfulness on sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the combined effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise and mindfulness on sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: It was a three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: Patients with multiple sclerosis. INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the intervention groups completed an eight-week program consisting of pelvic floor muscle exercise, mindfulness, and pelvic floor muscle exercise along with mindfulness. MAIN MEASURES: The main measure was the Female Sexual Function Index. RESULTS: In total, 70 patients completed the study. The results showed that the total mean scores of the participants' sexual function in pelvic floor muscle exercise group before interventions (i.e. baseline), 8 weeks after the baseline, and 12 weeks after the baseline were 18.8 ± 6.3, 23.7 ± 5.1, and 22.3 ± 4.7, respectively, while total mean scores obtained for the sexual function of mindfulness group were 19.5 ± 6.4, 26.9 ± 4.8, and 25.6 ± 4.5, respectively. Moreover, mean scores obtained for pelvic floor muscle exercise along with mindfulness were 19.6 ± 5.9, 25.3 ± 5.4, and 25 ± 4.8, respectively. There was no significant difference in their effects on sexual function ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mindfulness and pelvic floor muscle exercise do not have any significant impact upon sexual dysfunction of people with multiple sclerosis.

Comparing the effect of Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frenkel exercises on balance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frenkel exercises on balance in patients with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN: It was a three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS: Patients with multiple sclerosis. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects in the intervention groups completed a 12-week program consisted of Cawthorne-Cooksey or Frenkel exercises. The control group only received routine care. MAIN MEASURES: The outcome measure was the Berg Balance Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients completed the study. At the end of the intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in Berg Balance Scale in the Cawthorne-Cooksey group ( n = 24) in comparison with the other two groups ( P = 0.001). In the Frenkel group ( n = 23), the improvement was statistically greater than the changes in the control group ( n = 25), but it did not appear to be clinically significant. The Berg Balance Scale score increased to 8.9 in the Cawthorne-Cooksey group and 2.3 in the Frenkel group, while it decreased to 1.2 in the control group. When comparing inter-group changes, Berg Balance Scale showed significant improvements in favor of the Cawthorne-Cooksey group after the intervention ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that in comparison with Frenkel and the control groups, a program of Cawthorne-Cooksey exercise is more effective in improving balance in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The Effect of Orem's Self-Care Model on Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Single Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

BACKGROUND: Orem's self-care model is a nursing model that was introduced with the purpose of improving the self-care of individuals, especially patients suffering from chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To determining the effect of Orem's self-care model on fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This research involved a clinical trial. Sixty-three multiple sclerosis patients at the vice-chancellor in treatment affairs of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences were selected based on nonrandom sampling, but they were allocated to the two groups based on random allocation. In the intervention group, Orem's model was applied during six sessions of 45 - 60 minutes in length, and the process continued for 1 month. The data were collected 1 week before and 7 weeks after the end of the intervention using the Orem's self-care model-based assessment form and fatigue severity scale, the validity and reliability of which have been. RESULTS: Before the intervention, 11.11% of the participants had a good knowledge of self-care. In addition, self-care willingness and skills were observed in 76.19% and 4.76% of participants, respectively. The mean difference in fatigue reduced significantly in the intervention group after the intervention (P < 0.05). After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean difference of fatigue between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Orem's self-care model is significantly effective in reducing the fatigue of multiple sclerosis patients.