ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of incidence and the second cause of death secondary to cancer. Early-onset CRC accounts for about 10% of cases and carries a higher mortality than that seen in older patients. We analyze the association between age and the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological characteristics of CRC at the time of diagnosis in a Latin American population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the database of the Gastroenterology Service of Clínica Foscal and Clínica Foscal Internacional in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results: Between July 2016 and June 2021, 521 cases of de novo adenocarcinoma-type CRC were diagnosed, of which 77 patients (14.7%) were under 50. In patients with early-onset CRC, the prevalence of CRC was higher in women. Family history of CRC was more common in patients younger than 50 years. Hereditary syndromes, particularly familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis CRC, were also more frequent in the youth. Histopathologically, mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma were more common in young patients. Conclusions: The study showed an approach to the characteristics of early-onset CRC in a Latin American population. Increasing the prevention, control, and early detection of CRC in young people is necessary to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Resumen Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal es el tercer cáncer más común en incidencia y la segunda causa de muerte secundaria al cáncer. El cáncer colorrectal de inicio temprano representa alrededor del 10% de los casos y conlleva una mortalidad más alta que la observada en pacientes de mayor edad. Se analiza la asociación entre la edad y las características clínicas, endoscópicas e histopatológicas del cáncer colorrectal al momento del diagnóstico en una población latinoamericana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal utilizando la base de datos del Servicio de Gastroenterología de la Clínica Foscal y Clínica Foscal Internacional en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Resultados: Entre julio 2016 a junio 2021 se diagnosticaron 521 casos de cáncer colorrectal tipo adenocarcinoma de novo, de los cuales 77 pacientes (14,7%) tenían menos de 50 años. En pacientes con cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana, la prevalencia de cáncer colorrectal fue mayor en mujeres. Los antecedentes familiares de carcinoma colorrectal fueron más frecuentes en pacientes menores de 50 años. La presencia de síndromes hereditarios, especialmente poliposis adenomatosa familiar y cáncer colorrectal no poliposo hereditario, también fueron más frecuentes en la población juvenil. Histopatológicamente, el adenocarcinoma mucinoso y el adenocarcinoma de células en anillo de sello fueron más frecuentes en pacientes jóvenes. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró una aproximación a las características del cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana en una población latinoamericana. Es necesario incrementar la prevención, control y detección temprana del cáncer colorrectal en jóvenes para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis is a disease of great relevance since it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is an unusual presentation. It is defined as the involvement of any segment of the digestive tract, associated viscera, and peritoneum. The study's main objective is to collect information from autopsies of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tuberculosis in a Pathology reference center in Colombia. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study of autopsy reports. A total of 4,500 autopsies were performed between January 2004 and December 2020. The inclusion criteria were authorization of a family member following local law regulations and a final autopsy diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis using microscopic visualization. Results: Forty-eight patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis autopsies were included in our study. Most of the patients were male (n = 35, 72.9%) with a median age of 40.5 years old. Human immunodeficiency virus infection history was reported in 28 cases (58.33%). The most affected gastrointestinal tract site was the terminal ileum. Ulcers and thickened epithelium were common autopsies macroscopic findings. Tuberculosis multiorgan compromise was a relevant finding in patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is a disease of great importance, being its diagnosis a clinical challenge. Underdiagnosis can be reported in a high percentage of cases, so autopsy diagnosis can help reveal more accurate data about this condition.
ABSTRACT
El sistema nervioso central es uno de los focos extrapulmonares afectados con mayor frecuencia por tuberculosis, no obstante, el tuberculoma epidural espinal es considerado una rareza. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de cuatro años de edad, quien consulta por cuadro de cuadriparesia progresiva. Al examen de líquido cefalorraquídeo se evidenció disociación proteínico celular diagnosticándose síndrome de Guillain Barré, sin embargo, tras la aparición de signos meníngeos, se realizó una resonancia nuclear magnética de columna en la que se evidenció lesión compresiva a nivel cervicodorsal que fue posteriormente explorada quirúrgicamente por neurocirugía, encontrándose una lesión epidural cuyo estudio microbiológico, cultivo y estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa se reportaron positivos para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por lo que se inició tratamiento antituberculoso observándose mejoría clínica y progresiva con recuperación de la marcha tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):155-9.
The central nervous system is one of the most affected focus in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, however, spinal epidural tuberculoma is considered very unusual. We present a clinical report of a four years old patient who presented with clinical symptoms of a progressive quadriparesis. The cerebroespinal fluid examination showed protein-cell dissociation, and the diagnosis of Guillain Barré syndrome was made. However, because it called the attention the appearance of meningeal signs, a magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and evidenced a compressive lesion in the cervicodorsal level. It was explored by neurosurgery, finding an epidural lesion studied by cultures and polymerase chain reaction. Both reported positive results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was started and a progressive clinical improvement was observed with recuperation of the gait after the surgical procedure.MÉD.UIS. 2016;29(2):155-9.