Effectiveness of repellent from patchouli (Pogestemon cablin) varieties of Southeast Sulawesi against Aedes aegypti.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) continues to increase over time in the world, including Indonesia. One of the prevention efforts against dengue virus transmission is to avoid vector mosquito bites by the use of repellants. Using repellents can reduce exposure to mosquito bites that may cause infection with the dengue virus. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of repellent lotion composed of patchouli batik extract (Pogostemon cablin) from Southeast Sulawesi varieties against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. METHODS: The research subjects were Aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes. The research consisted of three stages. The first stage was a phytochemical test (qualitative method), the second stage was the analysis of patchouli essential oil (GC-MS method) and the third stage was a test of the effectiveness of lotions made from patchouli extract in lotion preparations against Aedes aegypti. RESULTS: The results of the effectiveness test of patchouli leaf repellent (Pogestemon cablin) lotion preparations were as follows: for a concentration of 2.5%, protective power 81.5%; concentration 5%, protection power 83.67%; concentration 7.5%, protection power 88.64 %; the concentration of 10%, protection power 90.44%, and the concentration of 12.5% had protection power 90.89%. Probit analysis and linear regression showed the value of ProbitLc 50 was 6.631. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The results of the effectiveness test of Pogestemon cablin repellent lotion preparations with the most effective concentrations were 10% and 12.5%. The results of ANOVA test indicated there was no difference in the average value of the protection power in patchouli leaves.

Effect of Giving Traditional Drinks Kameko and Pongasih from Southeast Sulawesi on Sperm Quality of Mice (Mus musculus).

<b>Background and Objective:</b> The traditional beverage of Southeast Sulawesi is Kameko and Pongasih, which is a traditional alcoholic beverage. One of the bad effects of alcohol on reproductive health is the occurrence of infertility. This research aimed to determine the effect of consuming traditional beverages of Kameko and Pongasih on the quality of sperm of mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>). <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This research used a true experiment. The samples were some healthy mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) aged 6-8 weeks as much 24 tails and divided into 4 groups. On the 36th day after the treatment was completed, the mice were terminated and prepared for microscopic sperm quality analysis. The quality of sperm includes motility, viability, concentration and morphology. The data test uses the Shapiro-Wilk Test, One-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> LSD Test. <b>Results:</b> Kameko traditional beverage had a significant influence on sperm quality with motility, morphology, sperm concentration (p = 0.000) and viability (p = 0.001). Pongasih traditional beverage has a significant influence on sperm quality with motility parameter, morphology, sperm concentration (p = 0.000) and viability (p = 0.001). Kameko and Pongasih traditional beverages did not have a significant difference in sperm quality with motility parameter (p = 0.463), viability (p = 1.000), morphology (p = 0.553) and amount of concentration (p = 0.714). <b>Conclusion:</b> South East Sulawesi traditional beverages Kameko and Pongasih have effects on mice's (<i>Mus musculus</i>) sperm quality, but there was no difference in the group of mice which have been given Kameko and Pongasih.