ABSTRACT
The arrangement of the alimentary canal derived from the midgut exhibits a wide range of alterations. In this article, we report two cases in male cadavers aged 65 years and 70 years, respectively, in the Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, wherein we discovered the positional variation of the cecum and appendix with a vascular anomaly, thus the specimens were photographed to understand further. The observation of the first specimen is that the cecum and appendix were found in close proximity to the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver with a vascular anomaly. The branching pattern of the superior mesenteric artery varied from the usual pattern. The right colic artery and ileocolic artery arose as a common trunk. The cecum and appendix were identified in the right hypochondrium in the second specimen, with an unusually long appendix measuring around 22.3 cm in length with maximal breadth near the base. Knowledge of these positional variations, as well as the coexistence of the cecum and appendix with a vascular anomaly, which could provide a diagnostic conundrum, would aid in diagnosing patients of appendicitis with unusual presentations and planning optimal incisional procedures prior to surgery.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in a variety of vulnerable bacterial and fungal diseases. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi belonging to the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of serum ferritin level in mucormycosis patients and to prognosticate them based on those values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, in 50 diagnosed mucormycosis patients. RESULTS: During the study period, 44 had prior COVID-19 illness (post-COVID). Six patients had mucormycosis with no prior COVID-19 illness. Rhino-orbital involvement was found in 44 of the 50 cases, with three of them having cerebral extension. Forty-one cases recovered and were discharged, six cases remained sick and were hospitalized, and three died. The post-COVID patients (554.13 ± 371.60) have greater serum ferritin levels than non-COVID patients (259.95 ± 110.15), which are statistically significant. Conclusion: Mucormycosis patients tend to have higher serum ferritin values, especially among non-survivors and sick patients than survivors. For a better chance of recovery and survival, early identification, surgical debridement, and antifungal medications are essential.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to highlight variations in the morphology of peroneus tertius muscle owing to its evolutional, academic, and clinical importance. METHODS: Sixty-six disarticulated lower limbs were used to study the morphological variations of peroneus tertius (PT) muscle like absence, duplication, accessory PT muscle, and abnormal site of origin and insertion. Detailed dissection was performed to study the proximal and distal attachments of PT muscle, and observed variations were recorded. RESULTS: Twelve out of 66 specimens showed the following variations, accessory and duplicate peroneus tertius was observed in one specimen (1.52%) each. We categorized variations in insertions into six types. The most common variation in the present study was type II (84.8%) followed by type VI (10.6%). Type IIa and IV were observed in one specimen (1.52%) each. CONCLUSION: The present study highlights variations in both origin and insertion of PT muscle . We have also postulated a new modified classification which is the first of its kind to highlight two new additional variations in insertions existing in the current literature. Awareness of the above variations would be useful to surgeons performing tendon transfers, tendoplasty, and resection surgeries of the foot.
ABSTRACT
Most of the time, pediatrician is the first to see children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (AH) and they mostly rely on clinical assessment with or without some investigation to refer these children to otorhinolaryngologist. Numerous methods have been described for evaluation of AH, but many of these methods are not possible to follow in busy pediatric outpatient unit either because of lack of cooperation from child or due to limited availability of test or due to cost constraints. This study has been conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of lateral neck X-ray (LNX) for assessing AH and to assess the correlation between adenoid size in LNX and clinical symptoms in a pediatric unit. Prospective study conducted in Department of ENT, Pathmavathy Medical Foundation, Kollam, Kerala, India from January 2015 to March 2016. 60 consecutive children of both genders, between the age group of 5 to 14 years, attending Department of Pediatrics with a provisional diagnosis of AH were included in the study. The symptom scores, radiographic ratio of adenoid to nasopharynx and endoscopic scorings were calculated. Lateral neck X-ray with calculation of adenoid-to-nasopharynx ratio is found to have significant correlation with patient reported symptoms and findings in nasal endoscopic examination (NE). LNX can be considered as a useful objective tool in evaluation of children with adenoid hypertrophy. Primary care physicians or pediatricians can confidently use lateral neck X-ray for making clinical decisions and can consider nasopharyngoscopy when clinical picture remains unclear or more evaluation is needed.
