Enhancing photocatalytic wastewater treatment: investigating the promising applications of nickel ferrite and its novel nanocomposites.

Water contamination ranks highest among the challenges posed by the rapidly increasing environmental contamination, which is thought to be the most pressing issue globally. The development of innovative techniques for the successful removal of diverse types of undesirable pollutants from wastewater would therefore yield a huge return on investment. Nowadays, the removal of many organic and synthetic pollutants from the environmental matrix is anticipated to be possible by photocatalytic degradation, owing to its low energy consumption, high catalytic activity, and low overall cost. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles received greater attention as photocatalytic materials from the scientific community in wastewater treatment for the removal of different kinds of pollutants due to their specific properties. The present study provides an overview of the recent advances in water treatment using nickel ferrite nanoparticles and their nanocomposites as photocatalysts. Furthermore, a proposed mechanism for these photocatalysts to generate active free radicals under visible and ultraviolet light has been described. The review concludes that photocatalysts based on NiFe2O4 have potential applications in water purification technologies. However, more research is still needed to determine their practical application in water treatment facilities.

Precision in stereochemistry: the integral role of catalytic asymmetric Biginelli reaction in crafting enantiomerically pure dihydropyrimidinones.

One well-known multicomponent reaction that is helpful in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs), important molecules in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, is the Biginelli reaction. Because of their wide range of biological activities, DHPMs are regarded as essential chemicals. A great deal of research has been done in the last few decades to find ways to produce enantiomerically pure DHPMs because of their notable and focused target-oriented biological activities. In this reaction, numerous structural variants and catalysts have been employed in a range of solvents to yield an enormous number of Biginelli-type compounds. In the present review, the available catalysts in the literature including ionic liquids, Lewis acids, and organocatalysts for the Biginelli reaction and synthesis of a large number of asymmetric compounds since 2003 are summarized.