Management of the Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Background, Classification, and Current Philosophy.

Nodal metastasis is the single most prognostic determinant in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Since its inception more than a century ago, the management of the neck has led to decreased surgical morbidity, with continued preservation of oncologic safety for OSCC. Nodal metastasis is the single most prognostic determinant in patients with OSCC. The decision for the extent of the neck dissection is tailored to tumor-specific characteristics, which dictate the probability and extent of nodal metastasis, including tumor size, location, histopathologic characteristics, and the presence or absence of clinical nodal disease. These factors are tools to aid diagnosticians in their decision making for individual patients.

Nicotine nasal spray as an adjuvant analgesic for third molar surgery.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of preoperatively administered nicotine nasal spray (3 mg) for analgesia after third molar (TM) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted. The study population consisted of 20 nonsmoking patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Columbia University College of Dental Medicine for extraction of all 4 TMs. Each patient received nicotine nasal spray or placebo spray before TM surgery. At a subsequent visit the contralateral TMs were removed with prior administration of the alternate treatment. For an hour postoperatively, subjects reported information on pain and nausea, and hemodynamic variables were recorded at 15-minute intervals. Telephone follow-up was recorded for 5 days postoperatively, where patients reported information on pain, nausea, and use of hydrocodone/acetaminophen as rescue analgesia. RESULTS: Nicotine treatment was associated with a highly significant decrease in pain reported during the 5 days after TM surgery. There was no difference in the amount of hydrocodone/acetaminophen used or amount of nausea reported. There was a small but significant increase in heart rate after nicotine treatment compared with placebo during the first hour after surgery. There was no difference in blood pressure between groups. CONCLUSION: Pain is well controlled by hydrocodone/acetaminophen in most patients after TM surgery. However, there is significant variability in pain reported. Nicotinic agonists represent a new class of analgesic that can be considered for patients who are expected to have significant opioid-resistant pain after TM surgery. Caution should be used with patients in whom a small increase in heart rate would be deleterious.

Lower lip sialolith.

The authors report a sialolith of the lower lip that was asymptomatic and radiolucent. Its presence was only detected by the patient when she felt a hard nodule with her tongue.