Isquemia mesentérica: algoritmos diagnósticos y terapéuticos / Mesenteric ischaemia: Diagnosis and therapeutic algorithms

La isquemia mesentérica se caracteriza por una reducción del flujo sanguíneo a nivel intestinal, de forma brusca o de forma progresiva, con unas consecuencias potencialmente letales, sobre todo en los casos agudos. La falta de evidencia científica ante una enfermedad poco frecuente, con una clínica y pruebas diagnósticas en ocasiones inespecíficas, y la gran heterogeneidad en los procedimientos de revascularización hacen difícil la toma de decisiones. Las sociedades científicas deben estimular el desarrollo de algoritmos diagnósticos y terapéuticos con el fin de mejorar el manejo y la supervivencia de estos pacientes y, por otro lado, avalar la actividad de sus miembros. Es, en este marco, donde la SOciedad Castellano Leonesa de Angiología y CIrugía VAScular (SOCLACIVAS) se propuso establecer un algoritmo diagnóstico y terapéutico en la isquemia mesentérica

Mesenteric ischaemia is characterised by a sudden or gradual reduction in blood flow at intestinal level, with some potentially fatal consequences, particularly in acute cases. The lack of scientific evidence of a rare disease, with a clinical picture and diagnostic tests that are occasionally non-specific, as well as a wide variation in revascularisation procedures, make it difficult to make decisions. The scientific societies must stimulate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, with the aim of improving the management and survival of these patients, as well as to endorse the activities of their members. It is within this framework that the Angiology and Vascular Surgery Society of Castile and Leon (Sociedad Castellano Leonesa de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular) (SOCLACIVAS) proposes to establish a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for mesenteric ischaemia

Venographic comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin with oral anticoagulant therapy in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis.

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate with venography the rate of thrombus regression after a fixed dose of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) per day for 3 months compared with oral anticoagulant therapy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Secondary endpoints were the comparisons of the efficacy and safety of both treatments. METHODS: This study was designed as an open randomized clinical study in a university hospital setting. Of the 165 patients finally enrolled in the study, 85 were assigned LMWH therapy and 80 were assigned oral anticoagulant therapy. In the group randomized to oral anticoagulant therapy, the patients first underwent treatment in the hospital with standard unfractionated heparin and then coumarin for 3 months. Doses were adjusted with laboratory monitoring to maintain the international normalized ratio between 2.0 and 3.0. Patients in the LMWH group were administered subcutaneous injections of fixed doses of 40 mg enoxaparin (4000 anti-Xa units) every 12 hours for 7 days, and after discharge from the hospital, they were administered 40 mg enoxaparin once daily at fixed doses for 3 months without a laboratory control assay. A quantitative venographic score (Marder score) was used to assess the extent of the venous thrombosis, with 0 points indicating no DVT and 40 points indicating total occlusion of all deep veins. The rate of thrombus reduction was defined as the difference in quantitative venographic scores after termination of LMWH or coumarin therapy as compared with the scores obtained on the initial venographic results. The efficacy was defined as the ability to prevent symptomatic extension or recurrence of venous thromboembolism (documented with venograms or serial lung scans). The safety was defined as the occurrence of hemorrhages. RESULTS: After 3 months of treatment, the mean Marder score was significantly decreased in both groups in comparison with the baseline score, although the effect of therapy was significantly better after LMWH therapy (49.4% reduction) than after coumarin therapy (24.5% reduction; P <.001). LMWH therapy and male gender were independently associated with an enhanced resolution of the thrombus. A lower frequency of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism was also shown in patients who underwent treatment with LMWH therapy (9.5%) than with oral anticoagulant therapy (23.7%; P <.05), although this difference was entirely a result of recurrence of DVT. Bleeding complications were significantly fewer in the LMWH group than in the coumarin group (1. 1% vs 10%; P <.05). This difference was caused by minor hemorrhages. Coumarin therapy and cancer were independently associated with an enhanced risk of complications. Subcutaneous heparin therapy was well tolerated by all patients. CONCLUSION: The patients who were allocated to undergo enoxaparin therapy had a significantly greater improvement in their quantitative venographic score, a significantly lower recurrence rate of symptomatic venous thromboembolism, and a significantly lower incidence of bleeding than patients who underwent treatment with coumarin. LMWH can be used on an outpatient basis as a safer and more effective alternative to classical oral anticoagulant therapy for the secondary prophylaxis of selected patients with DVT.

Superficial femoral artery as a substitute for common carotid artery affected by malignant cervical tumors.

Tumoral disease of the arteries is uncommon. It is possible that, in tumoral reoperations affecting cervical structures, periarterial fibrosis due to radiotherapy and previous surgery and metastatic adherences to the arterial wall makes radical surgery difficult. We present a case where the surgical treatment of a regional relapse from laryngeal neoplasm needed the removal of the common carotid artery and its reconstruction with autologous patent superficial femoral artery. Surgical technique included a PTFE graft interposition in the leg.