A review on anti-inflammatory activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle: Mechanism-based approach.

Inflammation plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases like atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and cancer. Lack of anti-inflammatory drugs and vectors provokes the need for developing new molecules for the management of inflammatory disorders. Nanotechnology has emerged as a wonderful research area in the past decade owing to its enhanced properties than bulk counterparts. This paper discusses the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs) and various characterization tools employed to comprehend the physiochemical properties of nanoparticles. ZnO NPs interaction with cells and its pharmacokinetic behavior inside the cells has also been discussed. The anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO NPs has been elucidated with the mechanism-based approach. A concise literature review has been included which summarizes the size, shape of ZnO NPs and the inflammatory model used for analyzing the anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs potential offering towards anti-inflammatory activity like stable nature, selective targeting has been discussed briefly. The present study highlights the potential of ZnO NPs as an anti-inflammatory drug molecule or a vector for drug delivery.

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts: A review.

Multiple types of inflammations caused by foreign pathogens or chemicals and mutations that upregulate inflammation enhancers kindle the need of developing new vectors for the treatment of inflammation. Nanoparticles have been used in various fields ranging from the food industry, cosmetic industry and agricultural industry to devices like sensors, solar cells, and batteries. Nanoparticles have been used in the medical and research fields due to their high penetration power even inside cells and have the excellent ligand-binding properties due to their high surface area to volume ratio. Mechanistic study of anti-inflammatory activities of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles like silver, gold, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and selenium have been discussed in the following literature review. The present study focuses on the differential uptake of nanoparticles into cells and the anti-inflammatory mechanism adopted by the nanoparticles synthesized by green routes. It also gives a concise literature review of the various green sources used for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the mechanism of action of each nanoparticle.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles usingMangifera indica leaves and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in lung cancer (A549) cells.

Green synthesis is an eco-friendly approach to nanoparticle production, which eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, high temperatures, and costly equipment needed for traditional physical and chemical synthesis methods. This eco-friendly approach was used in the present study to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Mangifera indica (mango) leaves which were then evaluated for their antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on lung cancer A549 cells. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses. The XRD and SEM analyses showed 45-60 nm as the size of synthesized nanoparticles, the pure crystal form of ZnO NPs, and the shape of the NPs as nearly spherical and hexagonal quartzite. The antioxidant potential of nanoparticles was estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The percent of viable cells was inversely proportional to the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles at 25 µg/mL concentration. The MTT assay used for cytotoxicity evaluation depicted the significant cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs against the A549 lung cancer cell line. The drop in the proportion of viable A549 cells after exposure to ZnO NPs was comparable to the effects of the standard drug used i.e. cyclophosphamide. Antioxidant activity of NPs was increased by increasing the concentration of NPs. The present biosynthesis approach is rapid, inexpensive and eco-friendly and it yielded highly stable ZnO NPs with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. This is the first report of M. indicia -mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs as antioxidant and, anticancer agents for the treatment of lung cancer and subsequent therapeutic applications.