Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/etiology , Dogs , Adolescent , Animals , Bites and Stings/prevention & control , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India , Male , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Social Class , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
To study acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning cases, 190 OP-intoxicated cases admitted to Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, were investigated in depth. The group consisted of subjects ranging from 11 to 60 years of age, with the maximum number of cases in the age group 21-30 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. Most of the subjects (71.61%) were partially educated, 24.2% of the cases were illiterate, and only 4.2% of the cases were highly educated. Socioeconomically, 21.1% of the subjects were of low economic status, 52.6% were low middle class, 16.8% were upper middle class, and only 9.5% were upper class. With regard to marital status of the subjects, 98 cases were married and 92 were unmarried. About 67.4% of the cases had the intention of committing suicide, 16.8% of the cases were the result of occupational exposure, and 15.8% of the cases were from accidental poisoning. Social and domestic problems (37.5%), marital friction (15.6%), financial stress (15.6%), love affairs (14.1%), job problems (10.9%), chronic illness (4.7%), and failure in examination (1.6%) were observed as the precipitating factors. Muscarinic manifestations such as vomiting (96.8%), nausea (82.1%), miosis (64.2%), excessive salivation (61.1%), and blurred vision (54.7%) and CNS manifestations such as giddiness (93.7%), headache (84.2%), disturbances of consciousness (44.2%), and typical pungent odor from mouth and clothes (77.9%) were the main presenting symptoms. Cardiac manifestations such as sinus tachycardia (25.3%), sinus bradycardia (6.3%), and depression of ST segments with T-wave inversion (6.3%) were observed electrocardiographically, with hypertension (10.5%) and muscular twitching in some (2.1%) cases. Biochemical changes such as albuminuria (12.6%) and azotemia (18.9%) with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in blood were recorded in 78.9% of the cases. About 89.5% of the cases recovered completely, 4.2% of the cases absconded after partial recovery, and 6.3% of the cases died. The mortality rate (6.3%) depended on various factors such as the organophosphorus compound consumed, the amount ingested, the time interval for hospitalization, and the general health of the patient. Chances of recovery were higher when the patient was hospitalized at the earliest indication.
Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Insecticides/poisoning , Organophosphorus Compounds , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nervous System/physiopathology , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/metabolism , Poisoning/physiopathology , Poisoning/psychology , Social ClassSubject(s)
Aconitum/poisoning , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Plant Poisoning/complications , Adult , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Echinococcosis/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Echinococcosis/pathology , Female , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Middle Aged , NephrectomySubject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology , Adult , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/drug therapy , MaleABSTRACT
This paper reviews a short series of patients with distal hypospadias who were treated by Mustarde's one-stage technique, to which we have added a minor modification by tubing the flap before penis tunnelization. A single-stage repair has obvious advantages over a more conventional multistage procedure. The advantage of tubing the flap is early healing, and it reduces the risk of fistula formation, even in the presence of infection, which is very common in this country. The new urethral opening is situated at the fossa navicularis, and the functional results are excellent.
