ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We estimated the impact of the changes made to the Public Charge Rule on the initiation of prenatal care among uninsured immigrants in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: We used a difference-in-differences approach to analyse the impact of the changes made to the Public Charge Rule (first difference) on initiation of prenatal care between uninsured and privately insured immigrants (second difference). METHODS: We used the natality data by the National Center for Health Statistics as the main data source, which includes all singleton births in a hospital to an immigrant birthing person aged from 15 to 44. The study covers three phases: (1) the period prior to the leaked draft Executive Orders concerning changes made to the public charge policy-from January 2014 to December 2016; (2) the period after the draft Executive Orders were leaked until the proposal of the Public Charge Rule-from January 2017 to September 2018; and (3) post proposal of the Public Charge Rule -from October 2018 to December 2019. RESULTS: After the proposal of the Public Charge Rule in 2018, the odds of initiating prenatal care in the first trimester decreased among uninsured immigrants by 12% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.880; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.832, 0.931) compared to privately insured immigrants. The odds of second trimester initiation of prenatal care was also negatively associated with the leak of the draft Executive Orders (OR: 0.942; 95% CI: 0.905, 0.981). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that uninsured immigrants in the United States significantly delayed prenatal care after the changes were made to the Public Charge Rule.
