Mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube diagnosed preoperatively with computed tomography and ultrasound: A case report.

Mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the English literature. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and the diagnosis is most often made after surgical resection. A preoperative diagnosis has the potential to aid with surgical planning and patient counseling. We present a case of a large completely intratubal mature cystic teratoma in a 40-year-old woman who presented to her primary care provider with the gradual onset of right lower quadrant/pelvic pain. The patient's symptoms prompted evaluation with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Imaging showed a dilated right fallopian tube containing fluid, macroscopic fat, and calcifications, facilitating the preoperative diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube. Because of her symptoms, she elected to undergo salpingectomy and the diagnosis was pathologically confirmed. The patient's symptoms resolved following surgery.

Mimics and Pitfalls of Primary Ovarian Malignancy Imaging.

The complex anatomy and similarity of imaging features of various pathologies in the pelvis can make accurate radiology interpretation difficult. While prompt recognition of ovarian cancer remains essential, awareness of processes that mimic ovarian tumors can avoid potential misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgery. This article details the female pelvic anatomy and highlights relevant imaging features that mimic extra-ovarian tumors, to help the radiologists accurately build a differential diagnosis of a lesion occupying the adnexa.

Isolated Intravascular Prostate Carcinoma Recurrence Confirmed With 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT and MRI.

Late recurrence of prostate cancer after remission with prior radical prostatectomy is uncommon. This is a unique case of biochemical recurrence after being in remission for 12 years. The patient presented with swelling of the right lower extremity with pelvic MRI demonstrating an arterially enhancing filling defect in the right common iliac. An F-fluciclovine PET/CT showed corresponding increased intravascular radiotracer activity. Targeted biopsy of the intravascular lesion showed poorly differentiated carcinoma, suggestive of prostate origin. Although MRI evaluation is the mainstay for pelvic evaluation, characterization with F-fluciclovine PET/CT imaging adds high whole-body specificity and diagnostic accuracy.

Ectopic pituitary adenomas: common presentations of a rare entity.

PURPOSE: Ectopic pituitary adenomas (EPA) are rare tumors thought to arise from embryological remnants along the route of normal pituitary migration. Clinically, these tumors vary in hormonal activity and can exert mass effect based on location and size. METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with diagnosis of ectopic pituitary adenoma from 2001 to 2018. RESULTS: Five patients were identified with EPA: a 48-year-old woman with suprasellar EPA treated with transsphenoidal removal of the tumor, a 44-year-old woman with cavernous EPA treated with transsphenoidal removal of the tumor, a 48-year-old woman with sphenoid EPA treated with cabergoline, a 45-year-old man with clival EPA treated with cabergoline and transsphenoidal surgical resection, and a 54-year-old man with clival EPA treated with cabergoline therapy. CONCLUSIONS: EPA should be considered as a differential diagnosis of juxta-sellar lesions. Appropriate hormonal testing may lead to early diagnosis, avoidance of unnecessary biopsy or surgery, and improved outcomes.

Contribution of the SirA regulon to biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Orthologues of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) BarA/SirA two-component system are important for biofilm formation and virulence in many gamma-Proteobacteria. In S. typhimurium, SirA activates the csrB and csrC carbon storage regulatory RNAs and the virulence gene regulators hilA and hilC. The regulatory RNAs antagonize the activity of the CsrA protein, allowing translation of those same virulence genes, and inhibiting the translation of flagellar genes. In this report, it was determined that SirA and the Csr system also control the fim operon that encodes type 1 fimbriae. sirA orthologues in other bacterial species, and the fim operon of S. typhimurium, are known to play a role in biofilm formation; therefore, all members of the S. typhimurium sirA regulon were tested for in vitro biofilm production. A sirA mutant, a csrB csrC double mutant, and a fimI mutant, were all defective in biofilm formation. Conversely, inactivation of flhDC increased biofilm formation. Therefore, SirA activates csrB, csrC and the fim operon to promote biofilm formation. In turn, csrB and csrC promote the translation of the fim operon, while at the same time inhibiting the translation of flagella, which are inhibitory to biofilm formation.