ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases are an emerging cause of mortality and morbidity in survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in this population is not well described. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the incidence of CVEs in HSCT recipients. Medline and Embase were searched from inception to December 2020. Inclusion criteria were cohort studies and phase 3 randomized controlled trials that reported CVEs among adults who underwent HSCT for hematological malignancies. After reviewing 8386 citations, 57 studies were included. The incidence of CVEs at 100 days was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.17-0.21) per 100 person-days after autologous HSCT and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05-0.07) per 100 person-days after allogeneic HSCT. This higher incidence after autologous HSCT was driven by reports of arrhythmia from one population-based study in patients with multiple myeloma. The incidence of long-term CVEs was 3.98 (95% CI; 3.44-4.63) per 1000 person-years in survivors of autologous HSCT and 3.06 (95% CI; 2.69-3.48) per 1000 person-years in survivors of allogeneic HSCT. CVEs remain an important but under-reported cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of HSCT. Future studies are required to better understand the incidence and risk factors for CVEs in HSCT recipients.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Adult , Humans , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Transplantation, Autologous/adverse effects , Cohort Studies , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
This study described procedures for extracting and quantitation of hesperidin in the waste orange peel of Dezful. Two extracting procedure were used. In procedure A hesperidin was isolated from orange peel by extracting the dry peel first with petroleum ether, removing the essential oil and then with methanol. In procedure B alkaline extraction followed by acidification of the extract was used. It was purified by treatment with formamide-activated charcoal. Detailed analysis of UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectroscopic data confirm the structure and extent of purity of extracted hesperidin. The spectroscopic results of two extract showed that procedure A produced high extraction yield and more purified hesperidin. Pure hesperidin in gram quantity (11.7% for procedure A and 7.39% for procedure B) was obtained in one purification cycle.
