ABSTRACT
Luminescence thermal quenching of phosphors is one of the prominent problems in restricting their application in high-power LED devices. In the current work, tunable luminescence thermal quenching behaviors, including abnormal negative thermal quenching and normal thermal quenching, were demonstrated for Na3Sc2(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphors tailored by phase transformation details. A series of ionic substitution schemes were employed to synthesize α-, ß- and γ-Na3Sc2(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphors, which show discrepant phase transformations during heating. The thermal event associated with phase transformation is perceived to be responsible for the observations of abnormal negative thermal quenching performances, in view of the suppression of non-radiative paths by consuming thermal energy during the phenomenon of phase transformation. Our results provide an insight into the relationship between the thermal quenching behaviors and phase transformation details of the Na3Sc2(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphor and offer a useful clue to exploit high thermal stability phosphors.
ABSTRACT
To study the effect of feeding calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal (CSM) incorporated diets on plasma gossypol, blood parameters and animal performance, 24 male Bikaneri lambs of 6-7 months of age and of uniform body weight were divided into four groups of six animals each in a completely randomized design and respectively fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 20% soybean meal (CON) or 40% raw CSM (RCSM), 40% raw CSM supplemented with 500 IU of vitamin E per head per day (ERCSM), and 40%, 1.5% calcium hydroxide-treated CSM (CaCSM) along with ad libitum wheat straw throughout 510 days of experimental feeding. The lambs on all the diets grew linearly throughout the experimental period. The total weight gain, in turn the average daily gain (ADG), was not affected by dietary variations. The daily intake of dry matter, crude protein (CP), digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were found comparable among lambs of all the groups. Though total gossypol intake was similar in RCSM, ECSM and CaCSM groups, however, free gossypol intake was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RCSM, ECSM groups as compared to CaCSM group. Serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and CON groups, and ALT activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on RCSM group as compared to other groups. Plasma gossypol and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and ERCSM groups. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of other blood/serum biochemical constituents among the lambs on different groups. Based on the results, it may be concluded that feeding of 40% CSM in the concentrate mixture of the diet in Bikaneri lambs did not have any major adverse effect in blood parameters and animal performance. Either calcium hydroxide treatment or vitamin E supplementation did not produce any major additional benefits.
Subject(s)
Calcium Hydroxide/metabolism , Erythrocytes/cytology , Gossypol/blood , Sheep, Domestic/physiology , Vitamin E/metabolism , Animal Feed/analysis , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals , Blood Chemical Analysis/veterinary , Calcium Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/veterinary , Cottonseed Oil/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Hematologic Tests/veterinary , India , Male , Sheep, Domestic/growth & development , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
This review chronicles the exploration of the curcumin in terms of development of analogues for the anticancer activity over the last century. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical obtained from dried root and rhizome of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa). It has been shown to interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including apoptosis (activation of caspases and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR, and AP-1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and inflammation (NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX). In the last decade it has been much explored and various synthetic analogues have been prepared and evaluated for various pharmacological activities. Most of the analogues have shown very good anticancer activity in various models and various cell lines. However, some analogues have also shown antioxidant, anti-HIV, antimutagenic, antiangiogenic, antimalarial, antitubercular, antiandrogenic, COX inhibitory activities. Few analogues have shown very potent results and may be considered as clinical candidates for the development of future anticancer agent. This review contains 728 curcumin analogues and covers the literature from 1815 to mid 2009 and 93 references are cited.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Curcumin/analogs & derivatives , Curcumin/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Curcumin/chemistry , Humans , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Demethoxycurcumin, isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, was found to possess antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H (37)Rv strain at 200 microg/mL. Derivatisation of this active principle yielded a potent agent 6, exhibiting considerable activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 microg/mL. H (37)Rv:Mycobacterium tuberculosis H (37)Rv strain MIC:minimum inhibitory concentration.
