Anti-diabetic effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs: a dose-response experiment.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs and to follow this effect at three doses of milk. Firstly, three groups of dogs were used: two groups composed each of four diabetic dogs and receiving raw camel milk (treatment 1) or cow milk (treatment 2), and four healthy dogs getting raw camel milk (treatment 3) were used as control. Each animal was treated with 500 ml of milk daily. Secondly, we compared the effects of three amounts of camel milk: 100 ml, 250 ml and 500 ml to treat the diabetic dogs. After week 3, the dogs treated with camel milk showed a statistically significant decrease in blood glucose (from 10.88 +/- 0.55 to 6.22 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) and total protein concentrations (from 78.16 +/- 2.61 g/l to 63.63 +/- 4.43 g/l). For cholesterol levels, there was a decrease from week 2 (from 6.17 +/- 0.5 mmol/l to 4.79 +/- 0.5 mmol/l). There were no significant difference in blood glucose, cholesterol or total protein concentrations in dogs drinking 250 and 500 ml of camel milk. The dogs treated with 100 ml of camel milk did not show any significant decrease in blood glucose levels, and cholesterol and total protein concentrations. The investigation was not limited to the improvement in glycemic balance, lipids and proteins control in diabetic dogs getting camel milk, but we also noted a stability of this state after the dogs stopped to drink milk. This effect depended on the quantity of camel milk used to treat diabetic dogs.

[Management of emphysematous pyelonephritis based on a series of 21 cases]. / La prise en charge des pyélonéphrites emphysémateuses. A propos de 21 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical, laboratory and morphological features of emphysematous pyelonephritis, as well as the treatment modalities, with particular emphasis on the need for urgent treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1987 and 2004, 21 patients were treated for emphysematous pyelonephritis. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological data, treatments and clinical outcome were retrospectively collected for all patients. RESULTS: This series comprised 15 women and six men with a mean age of 54.6 years. All were diabetic. Upper urinary tract obstruction was demonstrated in 47.6% of cases. The left kidney was affected in 14 patients and the right kidney was affected in six patients. Only one patient had bilateral pyelonephritis. The diagnosis was established by CT in every case. All patients received appropriate intensive care. Treatment was purely medical in one case. Emergency nephrectomy was performed in 12 patients, emergency surgical drainage was performed in three patients, percutaneous drainage was performed in two cases and ureteric catheter drainage was performed in three patients. The mortality rate in this series was 23.8%. CONCLUSION: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a serious infection. Early diagnosis is essential, particularly in diabetic patients. The positive diagnosis is based on computed tomography and treatment is now increasingly conservative.