Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy and Spectroscopic Multianalytical Approach for Characterization of Historical Glass Grisailles.

The preservation of the integrity of artworks and cultural heritage items during characterization and conservation operations is of high priority, therefore, the application of non-invasive techniques is commonly suggested and recommended. Nonlinear optical microscopies (NLOM), based on the use of tightly focused pulsed femtosecond lasers, are emerging techniques for structural and chemical analysis of heritage objects with micrometric lateral and axial resolution. The results obtained with a set of optical and spectroscopic techniques for the chemical and physical characterization of grisaille paint layers on historical stained glasses, from different chronologies and provenance in Spain, are presented in this work. Optical behaviour and chemical composition were investigated by NLOM, using a laboratory set-up in the modality of Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF), and by a multi-analytical combination of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (FESEM-EDS), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrosocopy (LIBS) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). Thicknesses values of the historical grisaille paint layers measured with MPEF were compared with those retrieved through FESEM, showing significant consistency and agreement. Under proper conditions, analysis via MPEF microscopy avoids the photochemical and physical damage to the examined materials, thus ensuring their preservation. This approach paves the way for future in-situ, non-invasive stratigraphic investigations on cultural heritage objects.

“Hernia de la pared torácica” o hernia pulmonar causada por la tos. Presentación de un caso tratado con neumorreducción y reconstrucción de la pared torácica / Cough-induced

Presentamos un caso de hernia de pared torácica producida por los esfuerzos de la tos, en un paciente exfumador, bronquítico crónico y de constitución pícnica con gran plétora abdominal. En la actualidad dicha patología viene descrita en la bibliografía como “hernia pulmonar” y se relaciona con fracturas costales espontáneas, aunque no coexisten siempre. La clínica de dolor y disnea con evolución hacia el aumento de su tamaño justificó la reparación quirúrgica. Para evitar la recidiva el tratamiento consistió en una neumorreducción para disminuir la tensión producida por la discordancia entre el gran tamaño pulmonar y una caja torácica disminuída de tamaño debido a la plétora abdominal que elevaba sus hemidiafragmas, plicatura del saco herniario, sutura de apoyo diafragmático para fortalecer el plano, cierre costal con suturas irreabsorvibles y reparación de los planos musculares (AU)

We present a case of cough-induced chest wall hernia in an ex-smoker, with chronic bronchitis and picnic constitution with significant abdominal plethora. Currently, this condition is described in the literature as "pulmonary hernia" and is related with spontaneous rib fractures, although they do not always coexit. The symptoms of pain and dyspnea with evolution towards increased size justifies surgical repair. To avoid relapse, the treatment consisted in pneumoreduction to decrease the tension produced by discordance between the large lung size and decreased size chest wall due to abdominal plethora that elevated his hemidiaphragms, plicature of the hernial sac, diaphragmatic supporting suture to strengthen the plane, costal closure with non-absorbable suture and repair of the muscle layers (AU)