ABSTRACT
PIP: Sinaloa's State Population Program for 1993-98 contains the objective of promoting integration of demographic criteria into the planning process. The action program calls for establishing indicators of economic and social inequality so that conditions of poverty and margination can be identified. To further these goals, the State Population Council used data from the National Population Council project on regional inequality and municipal margination in Mexico to analyze margination at the state level. Nine indicators of educational status, housing conditions, spatial distribution, and income provide information that allows the definition of municipios and regions that should receive priority in economic and social development programs. The index of municipal margination (IMM) is a statistical summary of the nine indicators, which are based on information in the 1990 census. As of March 1990, 9.9% of Sinaloa's population over age 15 was illiterate and 37.4% had incomplete primary education. 91.0% had electricity, but 18.7% lacked indoor toilet facilities and 19.4% had no piped water. 23.7% of houses had dirt floors. 60% of households were crowded, defined as having more than two persons per bedroom. 43.5% of the state population lived in localities with fewer than 5000 inhabitants, where service delivery is difficult and costly. 55.6% of the economically active population was judged to earn less than the amount needed to satisfy essential needs. All except one municipio bordering the Pacific ocean had low or very low indicators of margination, while all those in the sierra had a medium or high degree of margination. Sinaloa's statewide IMM was eighteenth among Mexico's 32 federal entities, with Chiapas showing the highest degree of margination and the Federal District the lowest.^ieng
Subject(s)
Poverty , Research Design , Social Planning , Social Problems , Socioeconomic Factors , Americas , Developing Countries , Economics , Latin America , Mexico , North America , Research , Social ClassABSTRACT
PIP: The 11th General Census of Population and Housing conducted in March 1990 enumerated 2,204,054 inhabitants in Sinaloa, for a density of 37.9 per sq. km. Sinaloa's population thus increased sevenfold from 297,000 in 1900. The proportion of Sinalioans in Mexico's population increased from 2.2% in 1900 to 2.7% in 1990. 38.4% of the population was under age 14, 57.0% was 14064, and 4.6% as over 65. The greatest challenge for the year 2010 will be to meet the demand for educational facilities, employment, and services for the growing elderly population. Sinaloa's population grew at an annual rate of 1.1 between 1980-90. 17 of its 18 municipios showed slowing growth rates between 1980-90, with only Escuinapa increasing its rate. Sinaloa's growth rate of 1.8% is still relatively high, and the population in the year 2000 is projected at 2.6 million. Population distribution and migration present problems that should be more actively addressed. Urban-urban migration is increasing in importance. In 1990, Sinaloa had 5247 localities of which only 85 had more than 2500 inhabitants and 4717 had fewer than 500. Growth of midsize localities with 500-2499 inhabitants may constitute an alternative allowing the demographic deconcentration and decentralization that Sinaloa urgently requires. The lack of jobs, infrastructure, educational and health services, housing, and food in the dispersed 4717 communities with fewer than 500 inhabitants makes them sources of emigration. Sinaloa's population is concentrated along the coast and in the 3 valleys of the north and central regions, which contain 80.8% of the population. One-third of the population lives on 12.1% of the territory in 2 municipios, while 12 municipios covering 67% of the territory contain just 24% of the population. Sinaloa's growth rate has declined from 4.3% between 1960-70 to 3.7% from 1970-80 and 1.8% in 1980-90.^ieng
Subject(s)
Censuses , Demography , Geography , Housing , Population Characteristics , Population Growth , Americas , Developing Countries , Latin America , Mexico , North America , Population , Population Dynamics , Research , Residence CharacteristicsABSTRACT
PIP: The State Development Plan for Sinaloa, Mexico, for 1987-1992 contains 7 important goals in its section on Demography and Society that have met with considerable success. Data from the 1990 general population census and projections by the state population council are the basis for an evaluation of progress. To contribute to lowering the fertility rate, the State Population Council for Sinaloa (CONEPOSIN), in coordination with the educational and health sectors, has developed family planning activities for all levels of care throughout the state. The emphasis is on population education, and a program to evaluate IEC programs has been underway since 1987. The crude birth rate declined from 51.9/1000 in 1970 to 39.8 in 1980 and 28.6 in 1990. In the area of regulating population growth and bringing it into balance with economic and social development, the 1st step was consideration of a population policy in the 1987-1992 state development plan. During the past 4 years, the gross state product increased by 2.9% annually, while population increased at 1.8% annually. Economic projections indicate improvement with the culmination of some major infrastructural projects. But demographic growth reduces the speed of economic and social improvement. The goal of reducing population concentration in the municipio of Culiacan will be furthered by a continuing decline in the natural increase rate and a gradual improvement in social development. The population of the municipio for the year 2000 is projected at slightly over 718,000 and the growth rate at about 1.8%. Even if the growth goal is achieved there will still be strong demand for employment because of the young age structure. The 4th plan goal is generating development strategies that will contribute to rationalizing population distribution in the state. The proportion of the population living in localities of over 15,000 increased from 33% in 1970 to 42% in 1980 and around 50% in 1990. 90% of the urban population and 45.5% of the total state population resided in the 5 main cities of Sinaloa. Concentration in the 5 cities has increased since 1980, when 81% of the urban population and 34% of the state population lived in them. CONEPOSIN in its study "Subsystem of the cities of Los Mochis-Culiacan-Mazatlan" has proposed a series of development strategies at the regional and sector is levels to balance economic growth and population distribution. The goal of strengthening the family planning and health program has been furthered through participation in the interinstitutional family planning program, preparation of educational materials, and publication of a review with articles on sex education and family planning. 16 municipal population councils have been installed to decentralize population policy. Various means have been used to promote the final goal of increasing awareness of population problems.^ieng
Subject(s)
Goals , Government Programs , Population Control , Program Development , Public Policy , Americas , Developing Countries , Health Planning , Latin America , Mexico , North America , Organization and AdministrationABSTRACT
PIP: This work discusses various views of abortion and presents data on the legal aspects and incidence of abortion in Mexico as a contribution to a more productive dialogue on the problems of abortion. It is very difficult to deter women who have decided to seek an abortion, regardless of whether the procedure is legal or even safe. In the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, an abortion has not been punishable since 1939 if it caused by "imprudence", if the woman is a victim of rape, or if the woman's life is endangered by pregnancy. The penal codes of most Mexican states and the Federal District contain similar provisions. In October 1990, the state of Chiapas decriminalized abortion for most indications in the 1st 90 days of pregnancy on the basis that the fertility and growth rates were too high, many children were in situations of extreme poverty, and the widespread practice of illegal abortion led to high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. The decree legalizing abortion in Chiapas was suspended in early 1991 by the Congress of Chiapas and is currently under further study by the National Commission on Human Rights. UNICEF estimates that in 1990, some 100,000 illegal abortions occurred daily in the world. 150,000-200,000 women may die each year as a result of illegal abortions. Today some 300 million couples throughout the world do not want more children but lack access to family planning. UNICEF estimates that the world rate of population growth would decline by 30% if all couples not desiring children practiced effective contraception. A large number of illegal abortions are believed to occur annually in Mexico. Abortions in Mexico are most common among married women of lower or lower middle class who already have children and who wish to avoid the economic hardships of a new baby. Perhaps because of their illegality, abortions represent a significant expense for a household. Unsafe abortions may cause serious health and fertility problems for women. The Mexican Institute of Social Security estimates that the rate of abortion has declined by about 25% between 1982-1990. Currently 1 of every 10 pregnancies is believed to end in induced abortion. Family planning programs have led to declines in the rates of both pregnancy and abortion in Mexico. The number of fertile-aged women attended in Social Security facilities for abortion complications declined from 11.5/1000 in 1982 to 8.8 in 1990. The extremes of opinion about whether abortion should be made safe and legal appear irreconcilably opposed. From a national perspective, abortion is a public health problem that needs to be addressed by the health sector. Existing laws permitting abortion under some circumstances should be made more explicit. The point of view of society should be respected, but women should also be protected.^ieng