ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Heart Failure is growing alarmingly; its treatment consumes health resources and affects the quality of life of patients. To describe the changes in NYHA functional Class, ejection fraction, hospitalizations, and mortality after 8 years of follow up in a multidisciplinary heart failure program in Colombia as a model for lower and middle income countries. An observational study was performed with the retrospective analysis of the information. 1757 patients were included, The NYHA functional class at the beginning of the program was: NYHA I 23.5%, NYHA II 50.3%, NYHA class Improvement was observed at the end of the follow-up with an increase in the percentage of patients in Functional Class NYHA I and II. The reduction in hospitalizations were 35% less (mean: 0.68 ± 0.95, P < 0.0001), a reduction in the length of stay in the hospital was 13.2% (before: 4.46 ± 7.16, after 3.87 ± 8.1 days, P < 0.001). The total mortality after eight years of follow-up was 6.6 % (nâ¯=â¯116). Multidisciplinary follow-up in Heart Failure (HF) programs improves Functional Class and EF, decreases hospital admissions as well as hospitalization and the length of stay. This is a very simple and successful model of care for this disease that can be implemented for countries of lower- and middle-income countries.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Quality of Life , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Colombia/epidemiology , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Heart Failure/therapy , Stroke Volume , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda es la principal causa de hospitalización en adultos mayores de 65 años. La duración de las hospitalizaciones es un determinante del incremento en los costos por la atención hospitalaria. Objetivo: describir el perfil clínico de los pacientes hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en un centro de referencia cardiovascular e identificar la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y los predictores de una hospitalización prolongada. Métodos: estudio observacional analítico, cohorte, prospectivo. Resultados: durante siete meses se incluyeron 251 pacientes con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. La mediana de edad fue de 71 años, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo de 25%, clasificación Nohria-Stevenson: húmedo-caliente 78,9%; húmedo-frío 15,1%; seco-caliente 2,8% y seco-frío 2,8%. El 15,9% de los pacientes requirieron inotrópicos y 1,2% vasopresores. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el desarrollo de enfermedad renal aguda 33,1% y fibrilación auricular de novo 5,2%. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 5 días y el 65,7% presentó estancia prolongada (≥7 días). El análisis bivariado mostró predictores de estancia prolongada como requerimiento inotrópico (RR 2,41; IC 95% 1,77-3,27 p 0,000), clasificación Nohria-Stevenson seco-frío y húmedo-frío (RR 1,86; I 95%. 1,33-2,61 p 0,001), clasificación NYHA III-IV (RR 1,85; IC 95% 1,06-3,24 p 0,017), enfermedad renal aguda (RR 1,82; IC 95% 1,31-2,55 p 0,000) y diabetes mellitus (RR 1,47; IC 95% 1,05-2,06 p 0,026). Conclusión: en una población con predominio de función cardíaca reducida y múltiples comorbilidades, la mediana de hospitalización por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda fue de 5 días. Se identificaron como predictores de estancia prolongada el soporte inotrópico, la clasificación Nohria-Stevenson seco-frío y húmedo-frío, NYHA III-IV, la enfermedad renal aguda y la diabetes mellitus.
Abstract Introduction: Acute heart failure is the main cause of hospital admission in adults over 65 years-old. The length of the hospital stay is a determining factor in the increase in the costs of hospital care. Objective: To describe the clinical profile of patients admitted to hospital Cardiovascular Reference Centre due to acute heart failure and to determine the duration of the hospital stay and the predictors of prolonged admission. Methods: A prospective, analytical, observational, cohort study. Results: A total of 251 patients with a diagnosis of acute heart failure were admitted during a six-month period. The median age was 75 years, with a mean left ventricle ejection fraction of 25%, and a Nohria-Stevenson classification: wet-hot 78.9%; wet-cold 15.1%; dry-hot 2.8%, and dry-cold 2.8%. Inotropes were required by 15.9% of patients and vasopressors by 1.2%. The most frequent complications were development of acute kidney disease in 33.1%, and de novo atrial fibrillation in 5.2%. The median hospital stay was 5 days, and 65.7% had a prolonged stay (≥7 days). The bivariate analysis showed prolonged stay predictors such as inotrope requirement (RR 2.41; 95% CI; 1.77-3.27, P = .000), a Nohria-Stevenson classification of dry-cold and wet-cold (RR 1.86; 95% CI; 1.33-2.61, P = .001), NYHA classification of III-IV (RR 1.85; 95% CI; 1.06-3.24, P = .017), acute kidney disease (RR 1.82; 95% CI; 1.31-2.55, P = .000), and diabetes mellitus (RR 1.47; 95% CI; 1.05-2.06, P = .026). Conclusion: In a population with a predominance of reduced cardiac function and multiple comorbidities, the median hospital stay due to acute heart failure was 5 days. Predictors of a prolonged stay were identified as inotrope support, a Nohria-Stevenson classification of dry-cold and wet-cold, NYHA III-IV, acute kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus.
