Evolución de los parámetros corporales de una población de obesos sometidos a una intervención con dieta hipocalórica y educación nutricional / Evolution of body parameters of an obese population under a nutritional intervetion with hipocaloric diet and nutritional

Introducción: Factores como la actividad física, el exceso de calorías de la dieta y la falta de educación nutricional pueden modificarse con el objeto de mejorar el pronóstico de la obesidad y comorbilidades asociadas. Material y método: Participaron 20 sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC > 25kg/m2) con edades comprendidas entre los 28 y 62 años. La intervención tuvo una duración de 8 semanas, y consistió en una intervención nutricional y física saludable. Para evaluar los cambios producidos tras la intervención se realizaron mediciones de peso, IMC, diámetros de cintura y cadera y porcentajes de grasa y masa muscular. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron a través del paquete estadístico SPSS 15.0. Se realizó la prueba T de muestras apareadas para la comparación entre pre-test y post-test. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados muestran descensos estadísticamente significativos para los parámetros peso (de 90,99 ± 17,27 a 82,69 ± 16,09), porcentaje graso (de 37,28 ± 5,97 a 33,73 ± 6,69), IMC (de 30,81 ± 5,92 a 27.98 ± 5,6), diámetros de cintura de (101,8 ± 16,5 a 95,23 ± 14,12) y cadera de (98,83 ± 14,11 a 95,7 ± 13,58). El parámetro porcentaje de masa muscular muestra un ascenso estadísticamente significativo tras la intervención. Conclusión: Podemos afirmar que intervenciones nutricionales y físicas pueden ayudar a prevenir enfermedades como la obesidad y patologías derivadas de la misma(AU)

Introduction: Factors such as physical activity, beyond calories diet and lack of nutrition education can be modified in order to improve the prognosis of obesity and associated comorbidities. Material and method: 20 subjects with over weight or obesity (BMI > 25kg/m2), aged between 28 and 62. The intervention lasted 8 weeks, following an intervention healthy nutrition intervention and physicalactivity. To evaluate the changes, weight, BMI, waste and hip sizes and percentages of fat and muscle mass were measured. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS 15.0 statistical package. After verifying the normality of variables, paired samples T-test was made for comparison between pre-test and post-test. Results: The results showed statistically significant declines for the parameters weight (90.99 ± 17.27 to 82.69 ± 9.16), fat percentage (37.28 ± 5.97 to 33.73 ± 6.69), BMI (from 30.81 ± 5.92 to 27.98 ± 5.6), waist diameters (101.8 ± 16.5 to 95.23 ± 14.12) and hip(98.83 ± 14.11 to 95.7 ± 1358). The percentage of muscle mass parameter shows a statistically significant rise after intervention. Conclusion: we can say that physical and nutrition interventions can help prevent diseases such as obesity and disorders arising therefrom(AU)

[Nutritional assessment in a Moroccan university population during Ramadan]. / Evaluación nutricional de una población universitaria Marroquí en el tiempo de Ramadán.

The aim of this work was to assess nutritional status in Muslim population, bigger and bigger in our universities, in a period during which its dietary habits change considerably. The study has been performed in a population of Muslim students from the University of Granada, and has been compared to a non-Muslim population within the same setting. Study subjects undertook a questionnaire in which they reported the diet consumed each day during the Ramadan period. Macronutrient analysis for such diet was performed with Dietsource software. On the other hand, anthropometrical parameters were taken before and after the study period to observe their change and obtain conclusions on nutritional status. It has been observed that lipid intake of Muslims during the Ramadan period was excessive (48% of total energy), by decreasing hydrocarbons and particularly proteins. This is highlighted by means of the anthropometrical study, observing a decrease in measurements such as muscular area of the arm, the arm area, the muscle perimeter of the arm, and weight, with an increase in arm fat, perimeter of the arm, leg and mid-ieg circumference in the Muslim group, which are in contrast with parameters in the non-Muslim group. From our results, we may stress that during the Ramadan period macronutrient intake values are not appropriate as compared to standard recommendations in Spain. Besides, it is striking to observe how anthropometrical measurements related to fat increase whereas those related to muscular mass decrease.

[Nutritional assessment of a university population]. / Evaluación nutricional de una población universitaria.

In this work, we have planned to perform a nutritional assessment of a group of 50 students from the University of Granada, to which questionnaires have been administered relating to 24-hour remembrance of type and frequency of food consumption, for 30 days. In order to know macro- and micronutrients intake, the results have been analyzed with DietSource software. At the same time, anthropometrical measurements have been taken to verify their possible change during the study period. We have been able to observe a protein intake slightly higher than the recommended intake, similarly to what occurs with lipids. The studied group positively values menus with high content in meat, whereas deficiencies in fruit and vegetable intake are observed. In addition, there is a variation of anthropometrical measurements of these individuals during the study period. We also noticed a deficiency in some micronutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, cupper, selenium, vitamin E, and folic acid in all the studied population. However, vitamin C and thiamine levels in both groups and riboflavin levels in women may be considered adequate. From these results, we may highlight a nutrition unbalance in this population group since we have observed some deficiencies in the intake of important micronutrients for health maintenance and promotion, and macronutrient consumption that diverges from the established recommendations.

Evaluación nutricional de una población universitaria marroquí en el tiempo de Ramadán / Nutritional assessment in a moroccan university population during ramadan

En este trabajo se pretende evaluar el estado nutricional de una población musulmana, cada vez más numerosa en nuestras universidades, en un período en el que varían de forma considerable sus hábitos alimenticios. El estudio se ha realizado en una población de estudiantes musulmanes de la Universidad de Granada, comparándola con un grupo de población no musulmán del mismo ámbito. A los sujetos de estudio, se les realizó una encuesta en la que reflejaban la dieta de cada día durante el período del Ramadán. Se realizó el análisis de macronutrientes de dicha dieta mediante el programa Dietsource. De otra parte, se tomaron medidas antropométricas antes y después del período de estudio para así observar la variación de las medidas realizadas y obtener las conclusiones del estudio nutricional. Se ha observado que el aporte de lípidos de los musulmanes en el tiempo del Ramadán era excesivo (48% del total de la energía), a expensas de disminuir el aporte de hidratos de carbono y aún más el de proteínas. Esto se pone de manifiesto en el estudio antropométrico, observándose una disminución de medidas como área muscular del brazo, área del brazo, perímetro muscular del brazo y peso frente a un aumento del área grasa del brazo, perímetro del brazo, circunferencia de pierna y pierna media en el grupo musulmán, medidas que contrastan con las del grupo no musulmán. A la vista de los resultados cabe destacar que durante el tiempo de Ramadán los valores de ingesta de macronutrientes no son adecuados si se comparan con las recomendaciones de referencia en España. Asimismo, llama la atención cómo aumentan las medidas antropométricas que hacen referencia a la grasa a la vez que disminuyen aquéllas que miden la masa muscular (AU)

The aim of this work was to assess nutritional status in Muslim population, bigger and bigger in our universities, in a period during which its dietary habits change considerably.The study has been performed in a population of Muslim students from the University of Granada, and has been compared to a non-Muslim population within the same setting. Study subjects undertook a questionnaire in which they reported the diet consumed each day during the Ramadan period. Macronutrient analysis for such diet was performed with Diet source software. On the other hand, anthropometrical parameters were taken before and after the study period to observe their change and obtain conclusions on nutritional status. It has been observed that lipid intake of Muslims during the Ramadan period was excessive (48% of total energy), by decreasing hydrocarbons and particularly proteins. This is highlighted by means of the anthropometrical study, observing a decrease in measurements such as muscular area of the arm, the arm area, the muscle perimeter of the arm, and weight, with an increase in arm fat, perimeter of the arm, leg and mid-ieg circumference in the Muslim group, which are in contrast with parameters in the non-Muslim group. From our results, we may stress that during the Ramadan period macronutrient intake values are not appropriate as compared to standard recommendations in Spain. Besides, it is striking to observe how anthropometrical measurements related to fat increase whereas those related to muscular mass decrease (AU)

Evaluación nutricional de una población universitaria / Nutritional assessment of a university population

En este trabajo se ha planteado realizar la evaluación nutricional de un grupo de 50 alumnos de la universidad de Granada, a los que se les han realizado cuestionarios de recuerdo de 24 horas y de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, durante un período de treinta días. Al objeto de conocer la ingesta de macro y micronutrientes, los resultados se han analizado por medio del programa Dietsource. Paralelamente, se les han realizado también medidas antropométricas para comprobar la posible variación de las mismas durante el período de estudio. Se ha podido observar un consumo proteico ligeramente superior a las ingestas recomendadas, al igual que ocurre con los lípidos. El grupo estudiado valora positivamente los menús con un elevado contenido en carne mientras que se observan deficiencias en el consumo de frutas y verduras. Asimismo, se observa una variación de las medidas antropométricas de dichos individuos durante el tiempo de estudio. También hay que destacar la deficiencia de algunos micronutrientes tales como hierro, zinc, calcio, yodo, cobre, selenio, vitamina E y ácido fólico para toda la población de estudio. Sin embargo, los valores de vitamina C y tiamina en ambos grupos y de riboflavina en mujeres se pueden considerar adecuados. A la vista de los resultados se pone de manifiesto que existen desequilibrios en la alimentación de este grupo de población, ya que se han observado deficiencias en el consumo de micronutrientes importantes para el mantenimiento y promoción de la salud, así como un consumo de macronutrientes que se aleja de las recomendaciones establecidas (AU)

In this work, we have planned to perform a nutritional assessment of a group of 50 students from the University of Granada, to which questionnaires have been administered relating to 24-hour remembrance of type and frequency of food consumption, for 30 days. In order to know macro- and micronutrients intake, the results have been analyzed with DietSource software. At the same time, anthropometrical measurements have been taken to verify their possible change during the study period. We have been able to observe a protein intake slightly higher than the recommended intake, similarly to what occurs with lipids. The studied group positively values menus with high content in meat, whereas deficiencies in fruit and vegetable intake are observed. In addition, there is a variation of anthropometrical measurements of these individuals during the study period. We also noticed a deficiency in some micronutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, cupper, selenium, vitamin E, and folic acid in all the studied population. However, vitamin C and thiamine levels in both groups and riboflavin levels in women may be considered adequate. From these results, we may highlight a nutrition unbalance in this population group since we have observed some deficiencies in the intake of important micronutrients for health maintenance and promotion, and macronutrient consumption that diverges from the established recommendations (AU)