ABSTRACT
The knowledge on neonatal sepsis has increase significantly, but a clinical or biochemical marker is not available for an early and appropriate diagnosis. This fact results of an inadequate analysis which might be missing important quantum of biological information. A new method of nonlinear analysis have been proposed to investigate time series of physiological data, particularly heart rate variability analysis, that apparently would detect abnormal changes which precedes clinical or biochemical signs of infection by as much as 12-24 hours.
Subject(s)
Heart Rate , Sepsis/physiopathology , Biomedical Research , Humans , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Los conocimientos sobre sepsis neonatal se han incrementado notablemente, pero aún no se dispone de ninguna prueba clínica o bioquímica lo sufcientemente sensible y específca para el diagnóstico temprano y oportuno de la enfermedad. Esta situación sería consecuencia de la utilización de procedimientos analíticos que podrían perder elementos importantes de información biológica. Se han propuesto nuevos métodos de análisis no-lineal para series temporales de datos fsiológicos; de particular interés resulta el estudio de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, que aparentemente permitiría detectar anormalidades con una antelación de 12-24 h a las manifestaciones clínicas o bioquímicas de la infección.
The knowledge on neonatal sepsis has increase signifcantly, but a clinical or biochemical marker is not available for an early and appropriate diagnosis. This fact results of an inadequate analysis which might be missing important quantum of biological information. A new method of nonlinear analysis have been proposed to investigate time series of physiological data, particularly heart rate variability analysis, that apparently would detect abnormal changes which precedes clinical or biochemical signs of infection by as much as 12-24 hours.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Heart Rate , Sepsis/physiopathology , Biomedical ResearchABSTRACT
The brain and the immune system are the two major adaptive systems of the body. During an immune response the developing neonatal brain and the immune system "cross-talk" and this course of action is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Two pathway are involved in this intercommunication: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This overview focuses on the role of SNS in neuroimmune interactions, an area that has received much less attention than the role of HPA axis. Evidence suggests that norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in different organs and tissues. Under stimulation, NE is released from the sympathetic nerve terminals in these organs and tissues .Through stimulation of specific receptors, locally released NE, or circulating catecholamines such as epinephrine, affect lymphocyte traffic, circulation, and proliferation, and modulate cytokine production and the functional activity of different lymphoid cells. In addition, recent evidence is discussed that NE and epinephrine, through stimulation of the beta(2)-adrenoreceptor-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway, inhibit the production of type 1/proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma by antigen-presenting cells and T helper (Th) 1 cells, whereas they stimulate the production of type 2/anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta. Thus, the activation of SNS during an immune response might be aimed to localize the inflammatory response.
