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1.
Insects ; 14(4)2023 Apr 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37103181

ABSTRACT

Maize grains represent a significant contribution for assuring food safety all over the globe. Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), also known as the maize weevil, is one of the most destructive pests in stored maize, causing qualitative and quantitative losses. To control S. zeamais populations in maize storage sites, synthetical chemical insecticides are applied. However, these are often used wastefully, have environmental implications, and can induce the development of resistant populations. In this work, the insecticidal and grain protecting efficacy of an innovative macro-capsule delivery device, loaded with essential oils from Clove bud and Pennyroyal, as well as their combined solutions, was tested against naturally S. zeamais-infested maize grains. The blend of both compounds incorporated in a controlled release device reduced losses by more than 45% over a long storage period of twenty weeks, diminishing the survivability of maize weevils by over 90%. The usage of the blend at a concentration of 370 µL⋅Lair-1 with an antioxidant showed the best results, however, by halving the concentration (185 µL⋅Lair-1), a significant control of S. zeamais populations was still achieved.

2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 13578, 2019 09 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31537891

ABSTRACT

In 2003, the pest species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) was reported for the first time in Kenya, Africa, and subsequently on many other African countries. In this work, 20 locations along the Rusitu Valley (Zimbabwe) were sampled in 2014 during the sweet oranges fruiting seasons, to verify the fruit fly taxonomy, invasion source, population dynamics, and fruit damage. The trapped fruit flies were identified using morphological traits and molecular techniques, as B. dorsalis. The haplotype network analysis revealed that Zimbabwe COI sequences were identical to other African B. dorsalis sequences. Fruit fly trappings per day varied during the year, although it remained always high. The same applies to fruit damage, most likely due to the permanent availability of cultivated and wild fruit varieties during the year. Rusitu Valley was invaded by B. dorsalis, most likely from neighbouring countries. Ten years after the first report in Kenya, the complete or near complete invasion of Africa has been achieved by B. dorsalis. In northern Africa the distribution is clearly limited by the Sahara desert. The large population size, the polyphagous nature of the species, and the continuous availability of suitable host fruit species during the year complicates the eradication of this species.


Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis/growth & development , Tephritidae/classification , Tephritidae/pathogenicity , Africa , Animals , Asia , Citrus sinensis/parasitology , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Fruit/growth & development , Fruit/parasitology , Phylogeny , Phylogeography , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Seasons , Tephritidae/genetics , Zimbabwe
3.
Food Chem ; 152: 603-11, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24444982

ABSTRACT

Changes in macrominerals, trace elements and photosynthetic pigments were monitored at 5 stages of lettuce growth. Plants were grown in three experimental agriculture greenhouse fields (A1, A2 and A3). Soil composition was also monitored to understand its influence on lettuce composition. In general, the content of macrominerals, trace elements, chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased during lettuce growth and consequently, high nutritional value was observed at younger stages. A2 lettuces showed an increase of Fe, Al, Cr, V and Pb due to the different soil physicochemical parameters. Multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise variable selection, indicated that soil characteristics, namely, pH(CaCl2) for Fe and Cr, silt and fine-sand for Al and V, OM for Al and Pb, coarse-sand and CEC for Cr, had a key role determining element bioavailability and plant mineral content. Thus, lettuce nutritional value was strongly dependent of growth stage and soil characteristics.


Subject(s)
Lactuca/chemistry , Lactuca/growth & development , Minerals/analysis , Pigments, Biological/analysis , Soil/chemistry , Trace Elements/analysis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Leaves/growth & development
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