Faunistic Analysis of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) at Different Stages of Bovine Liver Decomposition in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Performing quantitative sampling and determining faunistic analyses of dipterans is of fundamental importance in the analysis of ecological behavior, such as population dynamics and diversity, among other factors, for exotic and native species of necrophagous dipterans, so it is important to observe the type of bait used in traps to capture these dipteran species. This work aims to study structural parameters and faunistic indices of the diversity of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae species as well as the abundance and diversity of species attracted to liver in two stages of decomposition: fresh liver and liver at 48 h of putrefaction. A total of 2826 dipterans were collected during the period from May 2021 to February 2022. We observed that liver in decomposition for 48 h was more attractive in the forest and rural environments, while fresh liver showed greater attractiveness in the urban environment; however, no statistical difference was evidenced between the attractiveness in the different environments. The Mesembrinellidae family and the species Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) were collected mostly from deteriorated liver, while Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) showed no preference for any liver decomposition stage. The Wilcoxon test indicated that there is a significant difference between the preferences for putrefied bait in Mesembrinellidae, while in Calliphoridae, there was no preference for type of bait. The faunistic analysis showed that richness in the forest area was always higher when compared to the urban and rural areas. Laneela nigripes (Guimarães, 1977) and Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich, 1922) were abundant and exclusive in the preserved environment, showing themselves to be good environmental bioindicators.

Aphaereta pallipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Dirhinus anthracia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) associated with Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Brazil.

Flies of the Sarcophagidae family are widely distributed in the world, occupying different habitats. Some species have a high degree of synanthropy and are therefore often found in households in the urban environment. In Brazil, there is still little information related to the natural enemies of these insects in the urban environment, where population control is strictly chemical. Therefore, larvae and pupae of Peckia (Euboettcheria) collusor (Curran and Walley) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) species were exposed in an urbanized location, and the presence and prevalence of parasitoids in the natural control of these immature stages was evaluated. We report for the first time the species Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Dirhinus anthracia Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), associated with P. (E.) collusor, highlighting the importance of these parasitoids in natural control in the urban environment, in addition to expanding the list of hosts for both parasitoid species and the distribution of this parasitoid-host interaction for Brazil and the Neotropical region.

Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in three ecological areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

The determination of the synanthropic index is essential to evaluate the degree of association between species, such as diptera and man, based solely on their degree of preference for urban areas. This research aimed to study the synanthropic behavior of Calliphoridae and Mesembrinellidae flies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experiment was conducted between 2021 and 2022 in three areas, where four traps containing 300 g of fresh liver or with 48 h of putrefaction were installed, remaining exposed for 48 h; after collection the dipterans were sacrificed and taxonomically identified. A total of 2,826 dipterans were collected, represented by nine species of Calliphoridae (89.24%) and ten of Mesembrinellidae (10.76%), with the first record of Mesembrinella currani in this biome. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the abundance of individuals did not differ among the three analyzed environments. The Mesembrinellidae family was exclusively asynanthrope, along with two species of Calliphoridae: Hemilucilia benoisti (Séguy 1925) and Paralucilia nigrofacialis (Mello 1969) which were exclusive of the forest area, while Calliphoridae had varied synanthropy. Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann 1819) alone represented 57.18% of the total sampled, being the most abundant in all environments except the urban area where Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius 1805) totaled 55.73%. No species were exclusive to the urban area, however Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel 1858) and Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann 1830) were exclusive to the rural area. The most synanthropic species were Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819).

Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos e aceitabilidade da terapia larval em pacientes com feridas crônicas / Clinical and epidemiological aspects and acceptability of larval therapy in patients with chronic wounds / Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos y aceptabilidad de la terapia larval en pacientes con heridas crónicas

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico de pacientes com feridas e a aceitabilidade à Terapia Larval (TL). Método: acompanhados 15 pacientes com feridas crônicas e registrados em fichas clínicas. Resultados: pacientes não conheciam a TL. Idades variaram (45 a 73), pretos (46,66%), brancos (26,66%) e pardos (20,00%), predominantemente mulheres (73,33%). Tinham ensino fundamental (53,33%), médio (20,00%) e superior (26,6%) completos. 60% residiam no RJ; Lesões, (idade média de 6 anos e área média de 9,4 cm²) no terço distal das pernas (53,00%) e nos pés (47,00%), com origem vascular (40,88%), úlceras por pressão (31,69%), diabéticas (16,66%) e infecciosa (10,77%). Pacientes apresentavam três (20,00%), duas (20,00%) ou uma lesão (60,00%), com necrose (80,00%), infecção (37,60%), granulação (50,30%), epitelização (15,00%), dor (54,0%) e dificuldade de locomoção (47,00%). Insuficiência venosa como antecedente patológico mais observado. A aceitabilidade para TL foi 93,33%. Conclusão: TL é alternativa para melhor qualidade de vida

Objectives: to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with wounds and acceptability to Larval Therapy (LT). Method: followed 15 patients with chronic wounds and recorded in clinical records. Results: patients didn't know LT. Ages varied (45 to 73 y.o.), were black (46.66%), white (26.66%) and yellow (20.00%), predominantly women (73.33%). They had Elementary (53.33%), High (20.00%) and Higher education (26.60%). 60% lived in Rio de Janeiro; Wounds (mean age of 6 years; mean area of 9.4 cm²) in the distal third of the legs (53.00%) and feet (47.00%), with vascular origin (40.88%), pressure (31.69%), diabetic (16.66%) and infectious ulcers (10.77%). Patients had three (20.00%), two (20.00%) or one wound (60.00%), with necrosis (80.00%), infection (37.60%), granulation (50.30%), epithelialization (15.00%), pain (54.00%) and locomotion difficulty (47.00%). Venous insufficiency as the most observed pathological antecedent. Acceptability for LT was 93.33%. Conclusion: LT is an alternative to better quality of life

Objetivos: evaluar el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de pacientes con heridas y aceptabilidad a Terapia Larvaria (TL). Método: seguimiento de 15 pacientes con heridas crónicas y registrados en historias clínicas. Resultados: pacientes no conocían TL. Edades variaron (45 a 73%), negros (46,66%), blancos (26,66%) y morenos (20,00%), predominantemente mujeres (73,33%). Habían completado la educación primaria (53,33%), media (20,00%) y superior (26,6%). 60% vivían en RJ; Lesiones (edad media de 6 años y superficie media de 9,4 cm²) en el tercio distal de las piernas (53,00%) y pies (47,00%), con origen vascular (40,88%), úlceras por presión (31,69%), diabéticas (16,66%) e infecciosas (10,77%). Pacientes presentaban tres (20,00%), dos (20,00%) o una lesión (60,00%), con necrosis (80,00%), infección (37,60%), granulación (50,30%), epitelización (15,00%), dolor (54,0%) y dificultad locomotiva (47,00%). Insuficiencia venosa como antecedente patológico más observado. Aceptabilidad para TL fue del 93,33%. Conclusión: TL es una alternativa a una mejor calidad de vida

Carcinomas escamosos com miíase, uma nova tendência? / Squamous cell carcinomas with myiasis, a new trend?

Importância do problema: Este artigo se propõe a descrever dois casos de miíase em feridas neoplásicas de carcinomas escamosos, uma associação rara que vem se tornando comum. Comentários: Esta associação deve-se as altas prevalências de HPV, baixas condições socioeconômicas e de higiene, além do manejo inadequado de feridas e do descaso dos homens para com sua saúde, os principais afetados quando o assunto é câncer orofaríngeo e de pênis.(AU)

Relevance: This article intends to describe two cases of myiasis on squamous cells neoplasic wounds, a rare association that are becoming more easily seen nowadays. Comments: This association due to high HPV serum prevalences, low social and hygiene conditions, in addition to the precarious wounds care and men´s health seek relapse, the mainly affected when the issue is oropharynx and penis cancers. (AU)

Myiasis associated with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast: case study.

Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old woman came to the Federal Hospital of Andaraí complaining of intense itching, warmth, redness and hardening of the breast, which had acquired the aspect of an orange peel. A lesion in the left breast was cavitated, dimpled, had fetid odor, and had fibrotic and infected air nodules filled with exudate and Dipteran larvae. The tissue was cleaned and 33 larvae were extracted. The patient was hospitalized and received Ivermectin. Eighteen of the larvae extracted from the patient were placed in 70% alcohol, and twelve were placed in a container with sterile wood shavings under controlled conditions until they metamorphosed into adults. The taxonomic identification of the flies revealed that the culprit was Cochliomyia hominivorax. A histopathological exam conducted three months earlier had revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Two months after the myiasis treatment, the breast tissue had healed. The patient had waited ten days from the onset of the myiasis to seek treatment, and that delay interfered negatively in the prognosis of both the neoplasm and the myiasis. This study is relevant to public health in view of the strong social impact of myiasis.

Myiasis associated with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast: case study

ABSTRACT Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old woman came to the Federal Hospital of Andaraí complaining of intense itching, warmth, redness and hardening of the breast, which had acquired the aspect of an orange peel. A lesion in the left breast was cavitated, dimpled, had fetid odor, and had fibrotic and infected air nodules filled with exudate and Dipteran larvae. The tissue was cleaned and 33 larvae were extracted. The patient was hospitalized and received Ivermectin. Eighteen of the larvae extracted from the patient were placed in 70% alcohol, and twelve were placed in a container with sterile wood shavings under controlled conditions until they metamorphosed into adults. The taxonomic identification of the flies revealed that the culprit was Cochliomyia hominivorax. A histopathological exam conducted three months earlier had revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Two months after the myiasis treatment, the breast tissue had healed. The patient had waited ten days from the onset of the myiasis to seek treatment, and that delay interfered negatively in the prognosis of both the neoplasm and the myiasis. This study is relevant to public health in view of the strong social impact of myiasis.

Record of the First Cases of Human Myiasis by Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Myiasis is a disease caused by an infestation of the tissues of vertebrates by developing fly larvae. We document the first cases of human myiasis by Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, analyzed the epidemiological and clinical profiles of the patients, and their risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Between May 2008 to July 2013, six cases of myiasis caused by larvae of L. cuprina were reported in patients treated in the Federal Hospital of Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The six patients ranged between 13 and 72 yr old, belonged to various ethnic groups, and both sexes were represented. The affected individuals were relatively uneducated, had low income and poor hygiene habits. Infections were more common in the legs. The following factors were found to predispose individuals to myiasis: trauma, pediculosis, erysipelas, skin infections, and wounds resulting from congestive heart failure. Myiasis by L. cuprina occurred predominantly in the summer when there is abundant rainfall.

Sterilization of Chrysomya putoria (Insecta: Diptera: Calliphoridae) eggs for use in biotherapy.

Large-scale, quality-controlled laboratory production of fly larvae is needed for biotherapy. The objective of this study was to assess the action of glutaraldehyde on the sterilization of Chrysomya putoria eggs by applying pharmaceutical sterility tests. Egg masses with 0.600 g were divided into three parts of 0.200 g, the eggs were separated using sterile distilled water, and the suspensions obtained were mixed with activated 2% glutaraldehyde solution. After 15-min contact, the suspensions were filtered through Whatman filter paper, and the glutaraldehyde residue obtained in the filtrate was neutralized by rinsing with Tryptone Soy Broth. The treated eggs were placed aseptically on Petri dishes containing gauze moistened with sterile saline solution. About 10% of the sterilized mass was transferred to test tubes containing Tryptone Soy Broth and Fluid Thioglycollate Broth. The tubes were incubated, respectively, at 22.5 and 35.0°C for 14 d to verify egg mass sterility. The plates containing the rest of the eggs (90%) were sealed with plastic film and kept in a climatized chamber at 30°C/d, 28°C per night, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and under a 12-h light period to assess insect viability and survival. Each experiment was carried out in triplicate using a biological class II safety cabinet. No change in color or turgidity was observed with the agent tested, proving the sterility of the product and that there was no trace of contamination. Forty larvae (in three replications) in the periods of 12, 24, and 48 h after sterilization, when transferred to diet, produced larvae, pupae, and total viability similar to the control (larvae without sterilization). However, for the 72-h treatment, larvae and total viability were significantly lower than for the other treatments. There was no significant difference for the pupal stage. The product tested was shown to be efficacious for use as a sterilizer of C. putoria eggs for all the parameters assessed.

Pesquisa sobre a contaminação de hortaliças por ovos e larvas de nematódeos e cistos de protozoários como método de estudo / Research on the contamination of vegetables with eggs and larvae of nematodes and protozoa cysts as study method

Objetivou-se descrever uma prática de ensino integrada à pesquisa que poderá ser desenvolvida tanto em escolas de ensino fundamental e médio quanto em universidades. A pesquisa foi realizada de 2002 a 2011 como atividade prática da disciplina de Parasitologia aplicada ao curso de Nutrição. Cada equipe de trabalho recebeu um roteiro prático (projeto) com as instruções para a realização da pesquisa de enteroparasitos em hortaliças. Estas foram processadas pela técnica de sedimentação espontânea utilizando-se um aparato desenvolvido com material reciclável. A observação do sedimento corado com lugol foi realizada entre lâmina e lamínula. Constatou-se contaminação em dez espécies de hortaliças com 36,4 por cento (56/154) de positividade; destas, 48,8 por cento para larvas de helmintos, 23,3 por cento para cistos de protozoários e 13,9 por cento para ovos de helmintos. A aceitação dos alunos em relação à atividade prática foi expressiva (98,4 por cento). Esta prática vem contribuindo para a formação do acadêmico, dinamizando e incentivando o estudo da Parasitologia e alertando aos futuros profissionais da saúde sobre o fato de que a veiculação de parasitos em hortaliças consumidas in natura constitui uma questão de segurança alimentar e, consequentemente, de saúde pública...

The objective of the present study was to describe a teaching practice integrated with research that could be developed in primary and junior high schools and universities. The research was carried out from 2002 to 2011 as a practical activity of Parasitology applied to the Nutrition Course. Each work team received a practical plan (project) with instructions to carry out enteroparasite research in vegetables. The vegetables were processed using the principle of the spontaneous sedimentation technique with a device developed with recycled material. The sediment was observed between a slide and a lugol-stained slide. Contamination was found in ten vegetable species with 36.4 percent (56/154) positivity. Of these, 48.8 percent were helminths, 23.3 percent protozoan cysts and 13.9 percent helminth eggs. Student evaluation of the practical activity was positive with 98.4 percent acceptance. This practice has contributed to the education of academics, enlivening and encouraging the study of parasitology and alerting future health professionals that parasites carried in vegetables eaten raw are a concern for food safety and consequently, public health...