ABSTRACT
Food legumes are crucial for all agriculture-related societal challenges, including climate change mitigation, agrobiodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, food security and human health. The transition to plant-based diets, largely based on food legumes, could present major opportunities for adaptation and mitigation, generating significant co-benefits for human health. The characterization, maintenance and exploitation of food-legume genetic resources, to date largely unexploited, form the core development of both sustainable agriculture and a healthy food system. INCREASE will implement, on chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris) and lupin (Lupinus albus and L. mutabilis), a new approach to conserve, manage and characterize genetic resources. Intelligent Collections, consisting of nested core collections composed of single-seed descent-purified accessions (i.e., inbred lines), will be developed, exploiting germplasm available both from genebanks and on-farm and subjected to different levels of genotypic and phenotypic characterization. Phenotyping and gene discovery activities will meet, via a participatory approach, the needs of various actors, including breeders, scientists, farmers and agri-food and non-food industries, exploiting also the power of massive metabolomics and transcriptomics and of artificial intelligence and smart tools. Moreover, INCREASE will test, with a citizen science experiment, an innovative system of conservation and use of genetic resources based on a decentralized approach for data management and dynamic conservation. By promoting the use of food legumes, improving their quality, adaptation and yield and boosting the competitiveness of the agriculture and food sector, the INCREASE strategy will have a major impact on economy and society and represents a case study of integrative and participatory approaches towards conservation and exploitation of crop genetic resources.
Subject(s)
Crops, Agricultural/genetics , Fabaceae/genetics , Seed Bank , Databases, Genetic , Europe , Genotype , International Cooperation , Seeds/geneticsABSTRACT
Establishment of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis requires the recognition of rhizobial molecules to initiate the development of nodules. Using transcriptional profiling of roots inoculated with mutant strains defective in the synthesis of Nod Factor (NF), exopolysaccharide (EPS), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we identified 2,606 genes from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that are differentially regulated at early stages of its interaction with Rhizobium etli. Many transcription factors from different families are modulated by NF, EPS, and LPS in different combinations, suggesting that the plant response depends on the integration of multiple signals. Some receptors identified as differentially expressed constitute excellent candidates to participate in signal perception of molecules derived from the bacteria. Several components of the ethylene signal response, a hormone that plays a negative role during early stages of the process, were down-regulated by NF and LPS. In addition, genes encoding proteins involved in small RNA-mediated gene regulation were regulated by these signal molecules, such as Argonaute7, a specific component of the trans-acting short interfering RNA3 pathway, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and an XH/XP domain-containing protein, which is part of the RNA-directed DNA methylation. Interestingly, a number of genes encoding components of the circadian central oscillator were down-regulated by NF and LPS, suggesting that a root circadian clock is adjusted at early stages of symbiosis. Our results reveal a complex interaction of the responses triggered by NF, LPS, and EPS that integrates information of the signals present in the surface or secreted by rhizobia.
Subject(s)
Phaseolus/genetics , Phaseolus/microbiology , Rhizobium etli/physiology , Transcriptome , Circadian Clocks/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Mutation , Phaseolus/metabolism , RNA Interference , Reproducibility of Results , Rhizobium etli/genetics , Rhizobium etli/metabolism , Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism , Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology , Signal Transduction/genetics , Transcription Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
En la terapia del cáncer se utilizan diferentes modalidades como son: cirugía, radiaciones, quimioterapia o inmunoterapia, solas o combinadas entre sí, que a menudo tienen efectos indeseables como por ejemplo la inmunosupresión. Cada día son más los laboratorios que dedican sus esfuerzos a encontrar productos capaces de elevar los índices del sistema inmunológico. En el INOR se extrajo una glicoproteína de un coral blando del Caribe capaz de elevar la respuesta a los linfocitos frente a la fitohemaglutinina y la actividad de las células NK, además de mostrar actividad potenciadora frente al test de establecimiento de metástasis pulmonares y hepáticas
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Proteoglycans/therapeutic use , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicABSTRACT
En la terapia del cáncer se utilizan diferentes modalidades como son: cirugía, radiaciones, quimioterapia o inmunoterapia, solas o combinadas entre sí, que a menudo tienen efectos indeseables como por ejemplo la inmunosupresión. Cada día son más los laboratorios que dedican sus esfuerzos a encontrar productos capaces de elevar los índices del sistema inmunológico. En el INOR se extrajo una glicoproteína de un coral blando del Caribe capaz de elevar la respuesta a los linfocitos frente a la fitohemaglutinina y la actividad de las células NK, además de mostrar actividad potenciadora frente al test de establecimiento de metástasis pulmonares y hepáticas
