Estado de nutrición y relación con patología de pacientes al ingreso hospitalario, Ciudad de México / Nutritional status and relationship with pathology of patients on admission to hospital, Mexico City

El estado de nutrición del paciente es un buen indicador de diagnóstico, que es necesario evaluarlo desde que el paciente ingresa al internamiento hospitalario. Objetivo: asociar el estado de nutrición y la patología de los pacientes que ingresan al internamiento de un hospital de alta especialidad de México. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, en el que se revisaron 2.918 expedientes de pacientes adultos que ingresaron a un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de la ciudad de México entre los años 2016 y 2017. Las variables utilizadas fueron: patología principal que determinó el internamiento, sexo, edad e IMC para clasificar el estado de nutrición. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de X2 de Pearson para asociar las variables patología y sexo, y la prueba X2 de tendencia lineal para asociar las variables de estado de nutrición por IMC y patología. Resultados: La enfermedad con más frecuencia fue la oncológica (20,5%), Se observó una alta frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en todas las patologías, oscilando por arriba del 45% y la que tuvo la prevalencia combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad más alta fueron las quirúrgicas (53,9%). Conclusiones: Es fundamental que todas las instituciones de salud identifiquen el estado de nutrición de los pacientes recién hospitalizados, para poder implementar más medidas preventivas y de control en los enfermos que egresan del hospital(AU)

The nutritional status of the patient is a good diagnostic indicator, which must be evaluated from the moment the patient is admitted to hospital. Objective: To associate the nutritional status and the pathology of patients admitted to the hospitalization of a high specialty hospital in Mexico. Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, in which 2,918 records of adult patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City between 2016 and 2017 were reviewed. The variables used were main pathology that determined the hospitalization, sex, age and BMI to classify nutritional status. In the statistical analysis, the Pearson Chi-square test was used to associate the pathology and sex variables, and the linear trend X2 test was used to associate the nutritional status variables by BMI and pathology. Results: The most frequent disease was oncological (20.5%). A high frequency of overweight and obesity was observed in all the included pathologies, oscillating above 45%, and the pathology with the highest was surgical (53.9%). Conclusions: It is essential that all health institutions identify the nutritional status of recently hospitalized patients, to implement more preventive and control measures in patients who leave the hospital(AU)

[Effect of consumption of corn flour enriched with soja on nutrition status of indigenous women of Mexico]. / Efecto del consumo de una harina de maíz enriquecida con soja en el estado de nutrición de mujeres indígenas de México.

BACKGROUND: The problem of micronutrient deficiency in the diet, in Mexico affects over 28 million people, mainly rural indigenous women. A solution is food supplementation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of an enriched corn flour soy protein among indigenous women. METHOD: The study was conducted with a sample of 308 rural Mexican women, conducted in 2010, longitudinal intervention was double-blind and randomized. The experimental group (n = 155) consumed fortified maize meal (soy protein, iron and vitamin A, folic acid, zinc and niacin). The control group (n = 153) received unfortified flour. The evaluated indicators were: weight, body mass index, and waist circumference and blood hemoglobin levels. The intervention time was four months (intermediate) and six months (final). Statistical analysis was descriptive, bivariate and linear regression models. RESULTS: Changes in hemoglobin levels in the experimental group were 13,1 to 13,3 mg / dL. The improvement of hemoglobine levels was shown by the most marginalized community (from 12,4 to 12,9 mg / dL). In both groups, the weight gain was 900 g. Though BMI of the experimental group (24,2 to 24,9 / kg/m²) with an increase of (0,7 / kg/m²) was equal in both groups, the waist circumference in women who consumed fortified flour was equal at the beginning and end of the study (83,0 cm) but the hip circumference changed (94,3 to 94,9 cm) in women who consumed enriched flour. CONCLUSIONS: enriched flour is an ideal food for marginalized women in rural areas who are underweight, are undernourished and have anemia.