Validation of an instrument to determine oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Oral health of the mother-infant dyad is important to preserve general health. However, there are few instruments in Spanish for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices that determine this construct. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Maternal Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire (CAPSOM in Spanish). METHODS: In this instrument development study that carried out in 2018-2019, involving pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 in the city of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. The sample size was calculated based on 10 women per questionnaire item (n = 10 k). The study used Cronbach's alpha, the modified Lawshe test of validity criteria, factor analysis, and the level of difficulty and discrimination of the items. RESULTS: 207 women took part with their signed, informed consent (25 ± 6 years). The internal consistency of the instrument, both total and by dimension was α = 0.70, α = 0.66 knowledge, α = 0.74 attitudes, and α = 0.66 practices. Values of Content Validity Ratio' ≥ 0.60 were obtained for the final 10 items and Content Validity Index' = 0.90. The average difficulty index of items was 0.40, and there were significant differences (Kruskall-Wallis, p < 0.001) in the discrimination test. Factor analysis demonstrated three main components. CONCLUSIONS: A valid and reliable 10-item Spanish questionnaire was designed to measure pregnant women's oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Conocimientos y prácticas de odontología preventiva en odontólogos en México.

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Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review.

OBJECTIVE:: To perform a literature review regarding current dental fluorosis prevalence in Mexico reported from 2005 to 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: A comprehensive scientific literature review, in both English and Spanish, was performed in four databases up to June 2015. Search terms: fluorosis or dental fluorosis (mesh), prevalence (mesh), distribution (mesh), cases (mesh), epidemiology (mesh), Mexico. RESULTS:: 17 publications were included. Reported prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico ranged from 15.5 to 100%. Most of the studies were conducted in areas where water fluoride levels are low or optimal (≤1.5ppmF) and in which a prevalence of 15.5 to 81.7% was observed. In areas with higher levels of naturally fluoridated water (>1.5ppmF), prevalence ranged from 92 to 100%. Fluorosis severity ranged from questionable to severe. CONCLUSION:: High prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed even in areas where fluoride concentration in water was low or optimal. In addition to fluoride in groundwater, there are multiple risk factors that should be controlled.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review / Prevalencia de fluorosis dental reportada en México 2005-2015: revisión de la literatura

Abstract: Objective: To perform a literature review regarding current dental fluorosis prevalence in Mexico reported from 2005 to 2015. Materials and methods: A comprehensive scientific literature review, in both English and Spanish, was performed in four databases up to June 2015. Search terms: fluorosis or dental fluorosis (mesh), prevalence (mesh), distribution (mesh), cases (mesh), epidemiology (mesh), Mexico. Results: 17 publications were included. Reported prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico ranged from 15.5 to 100%. Most of the studies were conducted in areas where water fluoride levels are low or optimal (≤1.5ppmF) and in which a prevalence of 15.5 to 81.7% was observed. In areas with higher levels of naturally fluoridated water (>1.5ppmF), prevalence ranged from 92 to 100%. Fluorosis severity ranged from questionable to severe. Conclusion: High prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed even in areas where fluoride concentration in water was low or optimal. In addition to fluoride in groundwater, there are multiple risk factors that should be controlled.

Resumen: Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la prevalencia de fluorosis dental en México reportada durante 2005-2015. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva hasta junio de 2015 en cuatro bases de datos de literatura científica en inglés y español. Términos de búsqueda: fluorosis o fluorosis dental (mesh), prevalencia (mesh), distribución (mesh), casos (mesh), epidemiología (mesh), México. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 publicaciones. La prevalencia reportada en México fue de 15.5 a 100%. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en áreas donde el nivel de flúor en agua es bajo u óptimo (≤1.5ppmF), en las cuales se observó una prevalencia de 15.5 a 81.7%. En las zonas con mayor nivel de flúor (>1.5ppmF) en agua natural fue de 92 a 100%. La gravedad de fluorosis varió de dudosa a severa. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia de fluorosis dental incluso en zonas donde la concentración de fluoruro en el agua es baja u óptima. Además de fluoruro en el agua, existen múltiples factores de riesgo que deben ser controlados.

Instrumentos validados para medir la salud bucal en los niños / Validated instruments for measuring the oral health in children

Existe un creciente interés en reconocer la salud bucal como un componente de la calidad de vida, por lo cual actualmente los esfuerzos en la investigación del sector odontológico no sólo se enfocan en rehabilitar padecimientos bucodentales, sino en explorar la relación existente entre el estado de salud bucal y la calidad de vida, para poder evaluarla, mejorarla y mantenerla. Las enfermedades bucales son las más comunes entre las enfermedades crónicas, y son un importante problema de salud pública debido a su prevalencia y al impacto que tienen sobre las personas y sobre la sociedad. Es por esto que han sido desarrollados cuestionarios dirigidos a la población infantil y a sus padres o cuidadores para medir el impacto de las afecciones bucales en la calidad de vida; estos indicadores comprenden diferentes dominios como el dolor y la incapacidad para realizar las funciones normales de la boca, trastornos del sueño, pérdida de días escolares, grado de bienestar emocional, bienestar social y el impacto que generan estas afecciones en la vida familiar. Es por esto que el objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es mostrar un panorama actual sobre el concepto de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en los niños y los diferentes instrumentos que existen a nivel mundial para evaluarla.

There is a growing interest in recognizing oral health as a component of quality of life. The dentistry is not only focusing on research for rehabilitating oral-dental diseases, but also in exploring the relation-ship between oral health status and quality of life, in order to evaluate, improve and maintain it. Oral diseases are the most common chronic diseases and remain a major public health problem. This is be-cause of its prevalence and, the impact on individuals and society. For this reason have been developed questionnaires for children and their parents or caregivers to measure the impact of oral conditions on quality of life, with different domains including: pain and inability to perform normal functions of the mouth, sleep disturbances, loss of school days, degree of emotional, social well-being and the impact generated by these conditions in family life. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review is to show a current overview of the concept of oral health-related quality of life in children and the different instruments that exist around the world for evaluate it.

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la influenza A(H1N1) 2009 y la vacunación contra influenza pandémica: resultados de una encuesta poblacional / Knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza A(H1N1) 2009, and influenza vaccine in Mexico: results of a population survey

OBJETIVO: Evaluar conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas respecto a la pandemia de influenza, con especial énfasis en la vacuna contra influenza estacional y pandémica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con muestreo polietápico probabilístico, realizado durante diciembre de 2009 en residentes mayores de 18 años de la Ciudad de México (y área metropolitana), Monterrey, Guadalajara y Mérida. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1 600 sujetos (48.9% masculino); 34% había recibido vacuna contra influenza estacional en años pasados, 90.6% estaba dispuesto a recibir la vacuna contra A(H1N1). La principal causa de rechazo a la vacunación fue no confiar en la vacuna (46.5%). Principales medidas preventivas identificadas por los encuestados: lavado de manos (47.5%), vacuna contra A(H1N1) (28%) y etiqueta respiratoria (19.4%). El nivel escolar (1.7, p=0.006) y edad (1.02, p<0.001) influyeron en el rechazo a la vacuna. El 82.9% de los encuestados calificó el manejo de la situación por el Gobierno Federal como bueno o muy bueno. CONCLUSIONES: La población refirió un alto porcentaje de aceptación para la vacuna de influenza pandémica durante el inicio de la campaña de vacunación en México, comparado con la reportada en otros países. La principal razón de aquéllos que la rechazan es la desconfianza hacia la vacuna.

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding influenza pandemic, with special emphasis on issues related to influenza vaccine, seasonal and pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study, probabilistic multistage sampling in patients over 18 years, residents of Mexico City (and metropolitan area), Monterrey, Guadalajara and Merida in December 2009. RESULTS: A total of 1.600 subjects (48.9% male) were interviewed, 34% had previously received seasonal flu vaccine, 90.6% were willing to be vaccinated against A(H1N1), 46.5% of those who would not receive the vaccine was because they did not trust A (H1N1), 68% considered influenza A (H1N1) as a risk for their family. Hand washing was the preventive measure most commonly reported (47.5%), secondly influenza vaccine (28%). Schooling (1.7, p=0.006) and age (1.02, p<0.001) influence rejection to get vaccine. 82.9% of respondents rate the federal government's management as good or very good. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high acceptance rate for the pandemic influenza vaccine in Mexico when compared to similar studies in other countries, the main reason for those who reject the vaccine was distrust in it.

[Knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza A(H1N1) 2009, and influenza vaccine in Mexico: results of a population survey]. / Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la influenza A(H1N1) 2009 y la vacunación contra influenza pandémica: resultados de una encuesta poblacional.

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding influenza pandemic, with special emphasis on issues related to influenza vaccine, seasonal and pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study, probabilistic multistage sampling in patients over 18 years, residents of Mexico City (and metropolitan area), Monterrey, Guadalajara and Merida in December 2009. RESULTS: A total of 1.600 subjects (48.9% male) were interviewed, 34% had previously received seasonal flu vaccine, 90.6% were willing to be vaccinated against A(H1N1), 46.5% of those who would not receive the vaccine was because they did not trust A (H1N1), 68% considered influenza A (H1N1) as a risk for their family. Hand washing was the preventive measure most commonly reported (47.5%), secondly influenza vaccine (28%). Schooling (1.7, p=0.006) and age (1.02, p<0.001) influence rejection to get vaccine. 82.9% of respondents rate the federal government's management as good or very good. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high acceptance rate for the pandemic influenza vaccine in Mexico when compared to similar studies in other countries, the main reason for those who reject the vaccine was distrust in it.

Validation of the CPQ 8-10ESP in Mexican School children in urban areas

The current indicators used to gather information on oral health in children are basically clinical indexes thatregister mainly dental caries, periodontal disease, and malocclusion. These indexes should be complemented withemotional and social aspects related to the individual experience and perception of oral health status. In orderto obtain this information, valid instruments capable of evaluating the impact of oral health as it relates to thequality of life (OHRQoL) are required. The objective of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) is to assessOHRQoL in children aged eight to ten years. CPQ8-10 consists of 25 questions divided into four domains: oralsymptoms, functional limitation, emotional well-being, and social well-being.Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the translated Spanish version of the Child PerceptionsQuestionnaire (CPQ8-10ESP) in use with Mexican urban children.Material and Methods: Three hundred fifteen students in Mexico City aged eight- to ten-years-old participatedin this study. The CPQ8-10ESP questionnaire was self-administered in the classroom. Clinical data about caries andmalocclusion were obtained. To assess test-retest reliability, the questionnaire was reapplied to a subgroup ofchildren.Results: Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.89 for the total CPQ8-10ESP scale. The intraclass correlationcoefficient was 0.67; a statistically significant difference was found in the CPQ8-10ESP mean score between childrenwith caries and malocclusion; a significant correlation between general well-being ratings with all domainswas found (p<0.001). General perception of oral health was associated with both oral symptoms (p=0.049) andemotional well-being (p=0.022) domains, as well as with the total scale (p=0.015).Conclusions: The CPQ8-10ESP version showed good validity and reliability for use with Mexican schoolchildrenfrom urban areas (AU)

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Influenza vaccine and healthcare workers.

We undertook this study to review attitudes, beliefs and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) toward pandemic influenza A vaccine (H1N1) 2009 reported in the literature. Relevant papers published from 2009-2011 reporting attitudes, beliefs and practices of HCW towards pandemic influenza vaccine were identified. Variables such as age, gender, profession, work place area, and previous vaccination uptake were analyzed. In this study, 30 articles regarding attitudes and beliefs toward pandemic influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake and intention to accept vaccine were analyzed. Most studies were cross-sectional in design. Vaccination intention and uptake varies among different countries, 13.5-89.0% and 7.5-63.0%, respectively. Most common reasons for rejection were fear of adverse events, doubt regarding efficacy, not feeling as belonging to a high-risk group and believing that influenza is not a serious illness. Physicians show more favorable attitudes compared to nurses. The main predictor of vaccine uptake was having received previous influenza vaccination. Pandemic influenza uptake was low in most countries. The main reason among HCW for rejection was concern regarding side effects. It is necessary to establish educational programs to provided reliable information and raise awareness of HCW about vaccine use so that they can act as vaccine promoters among the general population.