Long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and a new approach for partial responders.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for patients with faecal incontinence (FI) refractory to conservative treatment. Secondary aims were to identify predictors of response and validate new treatment pathways for partial responders. METHODS: A prospective, interventional study was carried out in a specialist defecatory disorder unit from a university hospital between January 2010 and June 2017 on patients > 18 years old with FI refractory to conservative treatment. Thirty-minute PTNS sessions were performed in three phases (weekly, biweekly and monthly) up to a year, with clinical reassessment at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months. Patients were classified as optimal responders when their pretreatment Wexner score decreased > 50%; partial responders when it decreased 25-50%; and insufficient responders if it decreased < 25%. Only optimal and partial responders progressed into successive phases. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2017, 139 patients (110 women, median age 63 years [range 22-82 years]) were recruited. After the first phase, 4 patients were optimal responders, 93 were partial responders and 36 were insufficient responders. At 6 and 12 months, 66 and 89 patients respectively were optimal responders, with an optimal response rate of 64% at the end of treatment. A total of 93.3% patients with a partial response initially finally became optimal responders. Furthermore, at 36 months, 71.9% of patients were still optimal responders without supplementary treatment, although their quality of life did not improve significantly. Baseline Wexner scores ≤ 10 and symptom duration < 1 year were identified as predictive factors for positive responses to PTNS. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing PTNS for 1 year following this protocol had optimal long-term responses. PTNS sessions for up to 1 year in patients who were partial responders prevents a high percentage of them from needing more invasive treatments, and maintains long-term continence in patients who were optimal responders.

Solución de St Marks como alternativa al manejo de la hiponatremia en la fístula ileal / St Marks solution as an alternative to the management of hyponatremia in ileal fistula

Las fístulas, especialmente las de alto débito, frecuentemente precisan hidratación y reposición electrolítica agresiva, destacando las pérdidas de sodio como principal complicación hidroelectrolítica.Varón de 53 años intervenido en julio de 2017 y que en noviembre 2018 ingresó para reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal. Tras varias intervenciones quirúrgicas apareció una fístula pioestercoracea de alto débito a nivel de íleo. El manejo de la fístula fue conservador con nutrición parenteral total individualizada lográndose balance hidroelectrolítico óptimo. Posteriormente el paciente perdió tanto el acceso venoso central como los periféricos, siendo imposible la canalización de una vía periférica en varios días. Durante este periodo el paciente desarrolló una hiponatremia severa que desde el servicio de Farmacia fue abordada por la vía oral con una solución de hidratación específica, como la solución de St Marks, que se caracteriza por su alto contenido en sodio y bajo en potasio para evitar hiperpotasemias que pueden dar lugar en estos pacientes. Con el tratamiento instaurado se logró recuperar las cifras de natremia evitando complicaciones neurológicas hasta que finalmente se canalizó una vía periférica. En nuestro paciente esta solución resultó ser efectiva logrando remontar drásticamente las cifras de natremia cercana a valores normales. Así pues, la solución de St Marks puede ser una alternativa a la vía intravenosa cuando no esté disponible o ser incluso complementaria a ésta. (AU)

Fistulas, especially those with high output, frequently require hydration and aggressive electrolyte replacement, highlighting sodium losses as the main hydroelectrolytic complication.53-year-old man who underwent surgery in July 2017 and who was admitted in November 2018 for intestinal transit reconstruction. After several surgical interventions, a high-output piostercoraceous fistula appeared at the ileus level. Management of the fistula was conservative with individualized total parenteral nutrition, achieving optimal fluid and electrolyte balance. Subsequently, the patient lost both the central and peripheral venous access, being several days without vascular access. During this period, the patient developed severe hyponatremia that the Pharmacy service treated orally with a specific hydration solution, St Marks’s solution, which is characterized by its high sodium and low potassium content to avoid hyperkalemias that can give rise in these patients. With the established treatment, it was possible to recover the levels of natraemia avoiding neurological complications until finally peripheral venous catheterization was placed. In our patient, this solution turned out to be effective, managing to drastically raise the levels of natraemia close to normal values. Thus, the St Marks solution can be an alternative to the intravenous access when it is not available or even be complementary to it. (AU)