ABSTRACT
Stansin 6 a tetrasaccharide resin glycoside isolated from the root of Ipomoea stans was evaluated as anticonvulsant and neuroprotective in kainic acid-induced seizures of rats. Intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (10 mg/kg) induced typical behavioral seizures such as wet dog shakes and limbic seizures, and histopathological changes in the hippocampus (degeneration and loss of pyramidal cells in CA1 to CA4 areas). Stansin 6 (10-80 mg/kg) had no effect on the behavior of rats and did not induce hippocampal damage. Pretreatment with stansin 6 inhibited convulsions in rats from kainic acid-induced seizures, reduced the degeneration pattern in the CA3 region, decreased astrocytic reactivity, and reduced the expression of IL-1ß and TNF-α induced by kainic acid. These results suggest that stansin 6 possesses neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Glycolipids/pharmacology , Hippocampus/drug effects , Ipomoea/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Seizures/drug therapy , Animals , Anticonvulsants/chemistry , Anticonvulsants/isolation & purification , Dogs , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glycolipids/chemistry , Glycolipids/isolation & purification , Hippocampus/pathology , Kainic Acid/administration & dosage , Molecular Conformation , Neuroprotective Agents/chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rats , Seizures/chemically induced , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
An oligosaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelium of the Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GLOS) was separated by size-exclusion chromatography. The chemical structure of GLOS consists of a disaccharide repeating unit [-4-ß-1-Galf(1-6)-O-(ß-Glcp)-1-]n (n=3,4). In addition, this study was undertaken to determine the possible anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of GLOS (10-80 mg/kg) on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. The behavioral alterations and histopathology of hippocampal neurons were studied. Our results show that GLOS inhibited convulsions in rats from KA-induced seizures, reduced the degeneration pattern in the CA3 region of rats, decreased astrocytic reactivity, and reduced the expression of IL-1ß and TNF-α induced by KA. These results indicate a potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of GLOS.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Brain/drug effects , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Oligosaccharides/therapeutic use , Reishi/chemistry , Seizures/drug therapy , Animals , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Biological Products/isolation & purification , Biological Products/pharmacology , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Brain/metabolism , Brain/pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Kainic Acid , Male , Mycelium , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Oligosaccharides/isolation & purification , Oligosaccharides/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Seizures/chemically induced , Seizures/metabolism , Seizures/pathology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
AIM OF THE STUDY: Ipomoea tyrianthina has been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a mild purgative, for the treatment of nervous disorders, and against tumors. In this study, the effect of convolvulin (an ether-insoluble resin glycoside) from the root of Ipomoea tyrianthina on: Central Nervous System; as spasmolytic and vasodilator; cytotoxic against cancer cell lines is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Convolvulin isolated from the root of Ipomoea tyrianthina (IT-EM) was tested on pentylentetrazole induced seizures, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, release of GABA and glutamic acid, isolated rat aorta and ileum rings, and against Caco-2 and KB cell lines. RESULTS: IT-EM increased the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital and the release of GABA in brain cortex of mice, but did not protect mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. IT-EM produced a significant vasodilator effect in concentration- and endothelium-dependent manners on isolated rat aorta, but did not inhibit significantly contractions on rat ileum, colon, and jejune rings. IT-EM showed cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Convolvulin (IT-EM) from Ipomoea tyrianthina has sedative effect, vasorelaxant effect in concentration- and endothelium-dependent manners, and cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cell line.
