ABSTRACT
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance which is characterized by presence of a defect of phagocytic function resulting from a lack of leukocyte cell surface expression of b2 integrin molecules (CD11 and CD18) that are essential for chemotaxis. The classic symptoms of the disease are failure of separation of the umbilical cord and recurrent bacterial infections, which continue throughout life. We describe here two cases of infants who presented with characteristic history of recurrent infections, delayed separation of umbilical cord and marked leukocytosis.
Subject(s)
Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Rare DiseasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of chronic restraint stress on immune status of Sprague Dawley rats by comparing total leukocyte count (TLC), total lymphocyte count and levels of serum immunoglobulins A, E, G and M of the rats exposed to chronic restraint stress with that of healthy control rats. STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Centre of Research in Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration of National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad, from June 2008 to June 2009. METHODOLOGY: Sixty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from NIH. Rats were divided into two groups, each having 30 rats. The rats of group-I were not exposed to chronic restraint stress, while rats of group-II were exposed to chronic restraint stress in meshwire restrainer for 6 hours daily for 15 days. Estimation of total lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE) was carried out and compared between the groups. RESULTS: TLC, lymphocyte count and serum IgA, IgE, IgG and IgM levels were found significantly lower in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress as compared to the rats which were not exposed to stress (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Chronic restraint stress compromises immune status of rats by decreasing the levels of immunoglobulins and lymphocyte count.
