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1.
Afr Health Sci ; 19(1): 1411-1421, 2019 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31148968

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Interferon therapy is used as a line of treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in several areas of the world including Egypt. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the value of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in predicting response of patients with chronic HCV, genotype 4 to pegylated interferon (PEGIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) therapy. METHODS: Pre-treatment liver biopsies obtained from 110 patients with chronic HCV, genotype 4 were examined immunohistochemically for HPCs using cytokeratin19. The mean number of HPCs as ductular reaction (DR) and as isolated progenitor cells (IPCs) was counted in each case. The patients were classified into: those with sustained virological response (SVR) and those who did not achieve SVR. The results were compared between the two groups. Also, the relationships between HPCs and other clinico-pathologic variables were estimated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean number of HPCs was the only independent predictor of therapeutic response, being significantly higher in non-responders (P = 0 for DR and P = 0.03 for IPCs). On the other hand, fibrosis stage and steatosis were the only independent factors which showed a significant direct association with the mean number of HPCs in the form of DR and IPCs (P = 0 for each). CONCLUSION: The number of HPCs provides prognostic information in chronic HCV since it is significantly associated with stage of fibrosis. More importantly, it can be used as a marker to predict response of patients with chronic HCV to PEGIFN plus RBV therapy.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Adult , Biopsy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Egypt , Female , Genotype , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Humans , Liver/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
2.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol ; 25(8): 571-580, 2017 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26945442

ABSTRACT

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy and the existing second-line treatments have not been confirmed to be effective. Cancer stem cells research has a leading role to explore promising therapeutic applications. Nestin was postulated to reflect cancer stem cell properties in various tumors, correlating with poor prognosis. Furthermore, nestin is proposed as a reliable neovascularization marker. This study aimed to elucidate the status of nestin expression in various epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), its neoangiogenic properties, and investigate its potential association with clinicopathologic parameters. A total of 80 primary EOCs (37 serous, 20 Mucinous, 13 endometrioid, and 10 clear cell carcinomas) were immunohistochemically stained with nestin. Staining intensity and automated microvascular density (MVD) were assessed. Positive nestin expression was defined in ≈47.5% of all EOC; more commonly in ≈60% of the serous tumors. It was noticeably expressed in tumor spheroids. Nestin expression significantly correlated with overall tumor grade, lymph node, distant metastasis, and stage. Nestin neoangiogenesis was detectable in all cases (average=60.1). The nestin expression in tumor cells significantly correlated with Nestin/MVD. The average Nestin/MVD was significantly an independent predictor of high tumor stage. As a stem cell marker, nestin is expressed in cells of EOC including those growing as spherules and correlated with poor prognosis. Thus, nestin may be a novel therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis and a combination therapy that includes nestin-targeting agents may be an effective therapeutic approach. In addition, detection of Nestin/stem cells and Nestin/MVD can be used as predictors of disease.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Nestin/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/blood supply , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/blood supply , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies
3.
APMIS ; 122(10): 1032-41, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24698490

ABSTRACT

Screening mammography improved early detection of breast cancer and since then, the percentage of patients with node involvement is declining. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), although helpful in the diagnostic armamentarium of these patients, has consequential limitations. In these patients, moreover, lymphatic invasion (LI) is of utmost importance to determine the risk of local recurrence. To find an adjuvant histologic approach to assist in pre-operative analysis of the patient's risk for having LI and thus sentinel ± non-sentinel axillary lymph node metastasis, one hundred and twenty patients with early invasive duct carcinoma without axillary lymph node metastasis were evaluated. Logistic regression predictive models were built from 80 patients and validated in the remaining 40 patients. The final stepwise multi-regression analysis identified four sensitive models. In the validation group, model 1 [applicable to tumors grade 3 having micropapillary differentiation (MPD)] correctly identified 92.31% of patients with LI and confirmed LI [positive predictive value (PPV) = 83%], but with moderate sensitivity. Model 2 [applicable to tumors without MPD], model 3 [applicable to tumors grade 1/2], and model 4 [applicable to tumors grade 1/2 having no MPD] all had moderate PPV and a high negative predictive value (NPV) rendering these models reliable negative tests. However, as they had high sensitivity, positive results confirm the presence of LI. Patient with tumors grade 3 and MPD might need SLNB and/or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Patients having tumors grade 1/2, size <2 cm, and no MPD nor extensive retraction artifact, SLNB and/or ALND could be omitted. In tumors grade 1/2 (model 2) and those without MPD (model 3), the proposed models are reliable negative tests rather than a definitive positive one.


Subject(s)
Axilla/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Female , Humans , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods
4.
Diagn Pathol ; 9: 72, 2014 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24667142

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Defects in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I antigen expression and/or function in tumor cells have been extensively investigated, because of their potential role in the escape of tumor cells from T cell recognition and destruction. The researchers evaluated HLA class I expression in tumor tissue as a prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients and as a predictor of their survival. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the pathology laboratory of Ain Shams University Hospital, and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital during the period between January 2009 and January 2012. METHODS: The researchers investigated HLA class I expression in primary osteosarcoma by immunohistochemistry using EMR8-5 mAbs. Furthermore, researchers evaluated the correlation between HLA class I expression and the clinicopathological status and outcome in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from thirty six (36) patients with osteosarcoma. RESULTS: A high expression of HLA class I was detected in 18 (50) % of tumor samples examined; while tumors with low or negative expression represented 9 (25%) cases each. Data indicate that the overall survival rate of patients with tumors highly expressing HLA class I was significantly higher than those with low or negative expression. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of class I antigen expression is associated with features of aggressive disease and a poorer prognosis. Therefore, it is imperative to identify HLA as a prognostic factor at the time of diagnosis to detect chemotherapy-resistant tumors and to generate a modified treatment regimen. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1159334857109547.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis , Osteosarcoma/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Bone Neoplasms/mortality , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Child , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Osteosarcoma/mortality , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
5.
Diagn Pathol ; 7: 149, 2012 Oct 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23111165

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The ability to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinoma (MC) involving the liver and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) by immunohistochemistry has been limited by the lack of a reliable positive marker for hepatocellular differentiation. Arginase-1 is a marker for HCC recently described in some literature. AIM: To examine the immunohistochemical staining of arginase-1 in cases of HCC, MC involving the liver and CC as compared to hepatocyte paraffin antigen -1 (HepPar-1) in an attempt to further define the diagnostic utility of arginase-1 in differentiating these tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative immunohistochemical study of arginase-1 and HepPar-1expression was performed in 50 HCC cases, 38 cases of MC to the liver from varying sites, 12 cases of CC and 10 specimens of normal liver tissues. The predictive capacity of arginase-1 and HepPar-1 staining was determined using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value calculations. RESULTS: All normal liver tissues (no=10), non- neoplastic cirrhotic liver tissues adjacent to HCC (no=42) as well as those adjacent to MC (no= 9) showed diffuse and strong immunostaining for both arginase-1 and HepPar-1. Arginase-1 demonstrated positive immunoreactivity in 42 of 50 (84%) cases of HCC compared with 35 of 50 (70%) for HepPar-1. Only one of 38 (2.6%) cases of MC and one of 12 (8.3%) cases of CC showed positive immunoreactivity for arginase-1. In contrast, HepPar-1 immunoreactivity was detected in 6 of 38 (15.8%) cases of MC and in 2 of 12 (16.7%) cases of CC. Arginase -1 showed a significantly higher sensitivity for HCC diagnosis (84%) compared to HepPar -1(70%) (p=0.016). The specificity of arginase-1 for HCC diagnosis was higher (96%) than that of HepPar -1 (84%); nevertheless, this was not statistically significant (p=0.109). Howerver, the combination of both immunomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC, raised the specificity to 100%. CONCLUSION: Arginase-1 immunostaining has a higher sensitivity and specificity than HepPar-1 for HCC diagnosis. Furthermore, the combined use of arginase-1 and HepPar-1 can provide a potentially promising tool to improve the accuracy in distinguishing HCC from metastatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9991436558072434.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis , Arginase/analysis , Bile Duct Neoplasms/chemistry , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/chemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemistry , Cholangiocarcinoma/chemistry , Immunohistochemistry , Liver Neoplasms/chemistry , Aged , Bile Duct Neoplasms/enzymology , Bile Duct Neoplasms/immunology , Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/enzymology , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/immunology , Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Cholangiocarcinoma/enzymology , Cholangiocarcinoma/immunology , Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/enzymology , Liver Neoplasms/immunology , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Exp Parasitol ; 130(1): 58-62, 2012 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22019417

ABSTRACT

Experimental studies have demonstrated the occurrence of angiogenesis, blood vessels formation from pre-existing vessels, in the initial phase of bilharzial granuloma formation and during fibrosis progression in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis. Paradoxically, a recent work demonstrated an occurrence of angiogenesis during fibrosis regression months after curative treatment. Studies regarding the in situ kinetics of blood vessels in the phase of granuloma resolution and liver tissue healing early after treatment are lacking. The current work compared the kinetics of blood vessels by immunohistochemical staining using CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and actin in the livers of normal control mice, Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and mice 2 weeks after curative treatment. The present study demonstrated a process of angiogenesis remodeling in the liver in the curative phase of hepatic schistosomiasis during the stage of granuloma resolution. Such finding raises the evidence of the importance and potential beneficial effect of vascular proliferation in the process of healing and restoration of liver tissue functions. Thus, blocking of angiogenesis may not represent the appropriate therapeutic target for the early treatment of schistosomal liver fibrosis.


Subject(s)
Liver/blood supply , Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/physiopathology , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Female , Immunohistochemistry , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Mice , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis mansoni/drug therapy , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology
8.
J Egypt Soc Parasitol ; 38(1): 29-46, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19143118

ABSTRACT

Physiological hormones modulate immune responses and implicate in associated susceptibilities to infections. To clarify these endocrinological effects, the influence of estrogen and thyroid deficiency, due to ovariectomy and thyroidectomy, respectively, on course and outcome of Trichinella spiralis infection in rats was studied. While in ovariectomized rats there was significant increase in both adult and muscle larval counts as compared to intact infected rats, in thyroidectomized rats there was a significant increase in larval but not in adult count. Combined ovariectomy and thyroidectomy resulted in significant increase in both adult and larval counts. Serum CPK and blood glucose were significantly elevated in ovariectomized and/or thyroidectomized rats as compared to intact infected one. The deficiency of female sex hormones, and/or thyroid hormones in T. spiralis infected rats affected the host resistance to infection by increasing parasite burden influencing the course and outcome of parasitic infection.


Subject(s)
Muscle, Skeletal/parasitology , Ovariectomy , Thyroidectomy , Trichinella spiralis , Trichinellosis/pathology , Trichinellosis/parasitology , Animals , Female , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/immunology , Immunity, Innate , Immunocompromised Host , Larva , Random Allocation , Rats , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Thyroid Hormones/immunology
9.
World J Gastroenterol ; 11(46): 7266-71, 2005 Dec 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16437626

ABSTRACT

AIM: To find out the role of bacteria as a possible etiological factor in lymphocytic colitis. METHODS: Twenty patients with histopathological diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis and 10 normal controls were included in this study. Colonoscopic biopsies were obtained from three sites (hepatic and splenic flexures and rectosigmoid region). Each biopsy was divided into two parts. A fresh part was incubated on special cultures for bacterial growth. The other part was used for the preparation of histologic tissue sections that were examined for the presence of bacteria with the help of Giemsa stain. RESULTS: Culture of tissue biopsies revealed bacterial growth in 18 out of 20 patients with lymphocytic colitis mostly Escherichia coli (14/18), which was found in all rectosigmoid specimens (14/14), but only in 8/14 and 6/14 of splenic and hepatic flexure specimens respectively. In two of these cases, E coli was associated with proteus. Proteus was found only in one case, Klebsiella in two cases, and Staphylococcus aureus in one case. In the control group, only 2 out of 10 controls showed the growth of E coli in their biopsy cultures. Histopathology showed rod-shaped bacilli in the tissue sections of 12 out of 14 cases with positive E coli in their specimen's culture. None of the controls showed these bacteria in histopathological sections. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study reports an association between E coli and lymphocytic colitis, based on histological and culture observations. Serotyping and molecular studies are in process to assess the role of E coli in the pathogenesis of lymphocytic colitis.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Lymphocytic/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Colitis, Lymphocytic/etiology , Colitis, Lymphocytic/pathology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Proteus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
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