Immunohistochemical expression of regulatory T cells (CD4 + CD25 + bright FOXP3 + ) in pemphigus patients.

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus is a series of autoimmune skin disorders caused by IgG. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ T cells that mostly block pathogenic immune responses mediated by self-reactive cells; therefore, a lack of Tregs or a malfunction in their activity could lead to a loss of tolerance and the development of autoimmunity. AIMS: To evaluate the expression of lesional and perilesional Treg markers (CD4 + CD25 + bright FOXP3 + ) in pemphigus patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three pemphigus patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. The expression of CD4 , CD25, and Foxp3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was statistically significant increase in CD4+ T lymphocytes in lesional skin of pemphigus compared to perilesional skin and control group (p-value: 0.001). There was statistically significant decrease in CD25+ and Foxp3+ cells in lesional skin compared to perilesional and control group (p-value: <0.001, 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION: The reduction of lesional skin Tregs may play an important role in the pemphigus pathogenesis.

Estrogen and Progesterone Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study.

Sex steroids have been suggested to influence colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. Also, exposure to exogenous hormones might contribute to its incidence. This study conducted to evaluate ER and PR expression as a prognostic factor in patients with CRC attending Sohag University Hospital (SUH) and Sohag Cancer Center (SCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor samples tested for Estrogen receptor (ER) / progesterone receptor (PR) expression using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Association of this expression with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty out of 50 CRC tissues were evaluable for hormone receptor expression. Expression of both ER and PR was cytoplasmic. ER and PR expressions were 60% and 76.66%, respectively. There was a significant difference between loss of ER expression and depth of invasion (p= 0.01). Also, ER and PR negative expression cases were significantly at higher risk for progression (p= 0.03; 0.009 respectively). High levels of ER and PR expression were associated with higher cumulative PFS at one year and at the end of follow up time (p=0.01; 0..02 respectively); however this did not reach statistical significance on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for progression or OS (p= 0.05; HR= 0.22; p=0.5; HR=0.67 respectively) for ER level and (p=0.07; HR=0.22; p=0.6; HR=0.72respectively) for PR level. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that lower ER/PR expression levels were associated with more extensive CRC primary tumors and poorer prognosis. These data suggest that ER/PR expression might possess a prognostic value for CRC cases.
.