Can ACL Tears be Restricted to Sports Injuries Alone? A Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The number of people injured following a road traffic accident (RTA) are as high as 2-5 crores around the world every year. The literature from western population suggests that ACL injuries are encountered mostly following high velocity sports injuries in clinical practise. But, in India there are a large group of individuals presenting with ACL injuries following RTAs. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with ACL injuries presenting to our hospital following RTAs. All the information pertaining to the ligaments injured, vehicular factors, time of the day and environmental factors were recorded. The data was then analysed statistically. RESULTS: Most injuries occurred in the 31-40 year age group and velocity in the same range. Injuries due to bike skid predominated in our study amounting to 55.9%. Interestingly, very low velocities accidents due to stray dogs accounted to 43.8% and they occur mostly at night. CONCLUSION: The number of patients presenting with RTA related ACL injuries in our country are numerous. Hence, we have made an attempt to show that ACL injuries can occur even at low velocity following motor vehicle accidents in contrast to the western population, where sports related injuries are the most common etiology for such mishaps.

Parosteal Lipoma of Proximal Radius: A Case Report of an Unusual Swelling and Review of Literature.

INTRODUCTION: Lipomas are considered to be benign tumors comprising 50% of all soft tissue tumors. They originate from mesodermal germ layer but are classified based on component tissue and location. Parosteal lipomas are frequently located at the extremities, particularly at diaphysis or diametaphysis of long bones. CASE REPORT: Here, we report a case of parosteal lipoma with a delayed presentation involving dominant right forearm without any neurological deficits to create awareness of the rare existence of this benign tumor. CONCLUSION: A prompt diagnosis of such tumors has to be done as early as possible.

Lipoma in fossa of Rosenmüller.

We report the first case of a lipoma originating in the fossa of Rosenmüller. Although lipomas are a common benign tumour in the body, lipomas of the nasopharynx are rare.

Vasopressin receptor expression and mutation analysis in corticotropin-secreting tumors.

Vasopressin is an important regulator of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, primarily acting through the V3 receptor (V3R). Many patients with ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, but not normal individuals, respond to desmopressin, a relatively V2-specific vasopressin agonist, with increased ACTH and cortisol levels. We have searched for mutations of the V3R gene in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas and one ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor. No abnormalities were found in 12 tumors studied by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. We then verified by RT-PCR whether the response to desmopressin was due to overexpression of the V3R or abnormal expression of the V2R in the pituitary tumor. We found that the V2R gene was expressed in a number of corticotroph tumors and in the ACTH-secreting ectopic tumor, and that the V3R gene appears to be overexpressed in these tumors. We conclude that V3R mutations are unlikely to be present in the ACTH-secreting tumors we examined, but that the V2R gene is expressed in the majority of the samples tested, and the V3R is expressed in all of these tumors. We speculate that the response to the desmopressin test observed in patients with Cushing's disease may be due to abnormal expression of V3R or V2R in ACTH-secreting tumors.