Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among School Adolescent Girls in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Adolescents are the most affected group and the group that is least studied when it comes to malnutrition, which is one of the most important public health concerns in underdeveloped countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess nutritional status and related factors among teenage females who are in school. Materials and Methods: From October 1 to October 25, 2018, 645 young girls in school participated in an institution-based cross-sectional study. Girls in their teen years from the school were selected using a simple random sample method. Anthropometric tests and in-person interviews were used to collect the data. An odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a p-value under 0.05 were used to declare a statistical association. Results: This study found that 12.3% and 9.6% of school adolescent girls were stunted and thin, respectively. Being a rural resident (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05-3.28) and inadequate dietary diversity score (AOR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.06-4.60) were significant predictors of stunting. School adolescent girls from merchant father were 71% less likely to develop stunting compared with government employee father. Late adolescent age (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.28-4.02) and family size ≥5 (AOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.05-3.75) were significant predictors of thinness. Conclusions: Stunting and thinness were the major public health problems among school adolescent girls in the study area. Being a rural resident and inadequate dietary diversity increases the risk of stunting. However, being late adolescent girl and large family size were risk factors for thinness. There was a need for a school-based instruction program that concentrated on a varied diet and methods of encouraging the adolescent girls' appetites.

The assessment of dietary diversity score and associated factors among pregnant women of Batu district, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition remains a global problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where Ethiopia is located. During pregnancy, inadequate nutritional diversification increases the risk of unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the dietary diversity score and associated factors among pregnant women in Batu district, Southern Ethiopia, in 2021. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 594 pregnant women. Data were collected with a two-stage sampling technique through face-to-face interviews. The data were coded and entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify independent predictors of dietary diversity. Results: The magnitude of the unmet minimum dietary diversity score among pregnant women was 356 (59.9%). Furthermore, pregnant women with no formal education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.46; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.66], poor by the wealth index (AOR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.33, 3.73), having five or more children (AOR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.71), multigravida (AOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.56), and pregnant women from only male-headed households (AOR=4.46, 95% CI: 2.86, 6.94) were associated with an unmet minimum dietary diversity score among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of unmet minimum dietary diversity scores among pregnant women was found to be high. Moreover, low dietary diversity was linked to pregnant women with no formal education, multigravida, having more than five family members, male-headed households, and being poor by household wealth. As a result, nutritional diversity education should be prioritized, and health experts should provide guidance on dietary diversity and family planning services.

Adult Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Services and Associated Factors Among Admitted Patients at Saint Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Providing comprehensive nursing care and ensuring patient satisfaction are essential health performance indicators worldwide. Despite some efforts to improve patient satisfaction with nursing care, the approach in developing countries, including Ethiopia, remains insufficient. This study aimed to assess the level of adult patient satisfaction and identify the factors affecting satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 407 participants selected using a simple randomization technique. The samples were distributed using proportional allocation to each selected adult inpatient department. The participants were interviewed using a modified structured Amharic version of the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The overall level of patient satisfaction with nursing care services was 54.3%. Respondents without formal education (P=0.010), male sex (P=0.041), free service consumers (P0.001), and health insurance users (P0.001) were significantly associated with satisfaction with nursing care. In addition, previously hospitalized patients (P=0.001), governmental workers (P0.001), and patients admitted to the medical ward (P=0.010) were associated with patient dissatisfaction with nursing care services. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that adult patient satisfaction with nursing care services is low. A previous admission history, higher education level, paying cash for services, and private and governmental workers were significant predisposing factors for dissatisfaction with nursing care. On the other hand, patients without formal education, free-service consumers, and male sex were significant predictors of satisfaction with nursing care services. Therefore, hospital administrators are encouraged to focus on patients' needs and expectations.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting among School Age Children in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia 2021.

Introduction: Stunting has long been regarded as one of the most important indicators of malnutrition, serving as a proxy for not just chronic nutritional deficiency but also long-term socioeconomic disadvantage among children and society as a whole. In 2016, stunting alone afflicted an estimated 154.8 million (22.9%) children under the age of five over the world. It is one of Ethiopia's most serious undernutrition and health problems among school-aged children. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among school-aged children in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia 2021. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school students in Addis Ababa city. By using a single population proportion, a formula of 627 students was recruited. From 11 sub-cities, 4 sub-cities were selected by lottery method, and 21 (30%) of the schools from the sub-city were selected. Finally, from each school, study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling, using their attendance list as a frame. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and anthropometric measurements were taken. In order to see the association between the dependent (stunting) and independent variables, bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression were used. During bi-variable analysis, variables that had p-values of less than 0.2 were entered into multivariable analysis to see the effect of confounding factors. Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% confidence intervals and a P-value of less than 0.05 were used to see the level of significance. Result: The prevalence of stunting was 108/607 (18.0%) with a 95% CI of 14.5-20.9). Being a male child (AOR = 0.616, 95% CI, 0.34-0.96), type of water source (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.12-10.37), not feeding breast milk (AOR = 3.411, 95% CI, 1.09-10.07), educational status, and ability to read and write (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.15-3.88) were predictors of stunting. Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of stunting was high, and it explored that stunting remains a noticeable attribute of urban school-age children. The higher educational status of the mother, exclusive breast feeding, using ground water, and being a female child were negatively associated with the prevalence of stunting. The risk of stunting was higher among male than female school-aged children. Findings from the study suggest the need to strengthen the strategies that lead to Sustainable Development Goal 4 to ensure all girls and boys complete primary and secondary schooling by 2030.

Co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting: it's prevalence and associated factors among under - five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Double burden of malnutrition is a global problem posing a serious public health challenge especially in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, where a high prevalence of under-nutrition continues to exist and overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. Although both under-nutrition and over-nutrition are investigated extensively in Ethiopia, evidence about the double burden of malnutrition especially at the individual level is very limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting and associated factors among under-five children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia at an individual level. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 among 422 mothers to child pairs in Addis Ababa. Twenty-nine (30%) of the health centers in Addis Ababa were selected to take part in the study using a simple random sampling technique. The total sample size was allocated proportionally to each of the selected health centers based on their performances within 6 months prior to the study. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and a hierarchical logistic regression model were used to characterize the study population and to identify factors that are associated with the outcome variable respectively. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting was 5.1% with 95% CI (2.9-7.1%). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that child age (6-23 months) [(AOR = 2.86, 95% CI: (1.02-8.04)], maternal education status (non-educated) [(AOR = 4.98, 95% CI: (1.33-18.66)], maternal age during birth (≥ 28 years) [(AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.06-0.79)] and childbirth order (3+) [(AOR = 6.38, 95% CI: (1.03-39.7)] were significantly associated with the co-existence of overweight /obesity and stunting. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The study revealed that the prevalence of the co-existence of overweight/obesity and stunting is low in Ethiopia. However, local and national nutrition policies and programs should be tailored and implemented to simultaneously address both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.

Determinants of birth asphyxia among newborns in Debre Berhan referral hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia is the major public health problem in the world. It is estimated that around 23% of all newborn deaths are caused by birth asphyxia worldwide. Birth asphyxia is the top three causes of newborn deaths in sub-Saharan Africa and more than one-third of deaths in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of birth asphyxia which can play a crucial role to decrease the death of newborns. METHODS: Unmatched case-control study design was implemented among 276 (92 cases and 184 controls) newborns from January 1st to March 30th, 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and document review by trained nurses and midwives who work at the delivery ward of the hospitals. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of birth asphyxia. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and p-value less than and equal to 0.05 were used to assess the level of significance. RESULTS: In this study, maternal education of being can't read & write [AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: (1.2, 11.9)], ante-partum hemorrhage [AOR = 7.7, 95% CI: (1.5, 18.5)], prolonged labor [AOR =13.5, 95% CI: (2.0, 19.4)], meconium stained amniotic fluid [AOR = 11.3, 95% CI: (2.7, 39.5)], breech fetal presentation [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: (2.0, 8.4)] and preterm birth [AOR: 4.1, 95% CI: (1.8, 9.2)] were factors which showed significantly associated with birth asphyxia among newborns. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, maternal education can't read & write, antepartum hemorrhage, prolonged labor, stained amniotic fluid, breech fetal presentation, preterm birth were significantly associated with birth asphyxia. So, educating mothers to enhance health-seeking behaviors and close monitoring of the labor and fetus presentation were recommended to reduce birth asphyxia.

Unmet need for family planning and its associated factor among women of reproductive age in Debre Berhan Town, Amhara, Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: Unmet need refers to fecund women who either wish to postpone the next birth (spacers) or who wish to stop childbearing (limiters) but are not using a contraceptive method. The aim of this study was to assess the unmet needs of family planning and identify associated factors in Debre Berhan town among women in reproductive age. The community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 411 study participants (women with reproductive age) at Debre Berhan town. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the households. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. RESULTS: The overall unmet need for family planning among women in reproductive age groups was found to be 30.9%. Occupational status AOR = 13.992 (1.054-185.833), from whom the respondents got information about family planning AOR = 0.018 (0.002-0.170), having a discussion with husband AOR = 16.692 (2.911-95.713) and support from husband AOR = 0.005 (0.001-0.025) was significantly associated with the outcome variable. The level of unmet need for family planning in the study area is still high compared to the target set (10%) in the national family planning guide plan for Ethiopia.