Oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treatment enhances the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells responses to titanium surface for dental implant application.

OBJECTIVES: The present investigation utilized a novel oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O-PIII) treatment to create a dense and thin oxide layer on a titanium (Ti) surface for dental implant application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study evaluated the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on O-PIII-treated Ti. The O-PIII treatments were performed using different oxygen ion doses (T(L): 1 × 10(16); T(M): 4 × 10(16); T(H): 1 × 10(17) ions/cm(2)). RESULTS: Analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and high resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD) indicated that the O-PIII-treated specimen T(M) had the highest proportion of rutile phase TiO2 component. The O-PIII-treated specimen T(M) had the greatest protein adsorption capability of the test Ti surfaces using XPS analysis and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that hMSCs had the best cell adhesion on the O-PIII-treated specimen T(M), whereas green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled hMSCs experienced the fastest cell migration based on a wound healing assay. Other assays, including MTT assay, Alizarin red S staining and Western blot analysis, demonstrated that the adhered hMSCs exhibited the greatest cell proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation capabilities on the TM specimen. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidated Ti (primarily rutile TiO2 ) was produced using a facile and rapid O-PIII treatment procedure, which enhances the biocompatibility of the Ti surface with potential implications for further dental implant application.

Effect of oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation treatment on corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of titanium surface.

OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate the corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of titanium (Ti) surface for dental implant application by oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O-PIII) treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Commercially pure Ti discs (grade 2) were used as the substrate. O-PIII surface treatments, with different oxygen doses (1 × 10(16) and 4 × 10(16) ions/cm(2)), were performed in a high-vacuum chamber with a radio frequency plasma source. Atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and nanoindenter were used to analyze surface topography, chemical composition (three samples per group) and mechanical property (twenty-five samples per group) of Ti specimens, respectively. Corrosion resistance of Ti specimens (five samples per group) was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement in simulated blood plasma solution. The adhesion and spreading of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on Ti surfaces were studied. RESULTS: The results showed that O-PIII treatment had no significant influence on the surface topography of Ti specimens. The thickness of oxide layer (mainly as TiO(2)) on the O-PIII-treated Ti specimens increased with an increase in oxygen dose implanted. The O-PIII-treated Ti specimens possessed higher surface hardness and Young's modulus than the untreated Ti specimen. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that the O-PIII-treated Ti surfaces had lower corrosion rate (I(corr)) and passive current (I(pass)) than the untreated Ti surface. The adhesion and spreading of hMSCs on Ti surfaces were improved by O-PIII treatment. CONCLUSIONS: O-PIII treatment could enhance the corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of Ti surface for dental implant application due to the increase in surface thickness of Ti-oxides (mainly as TiO(2)) on Ti.

A new method for determining the strain energy release rate of an interface via force-depth data of nanoindentation tests.

Indentation forces, including constant rate and oscillating mode, were applied to SiO(2)/Si and diamond-like carbon (DLC)/Si specimens. A two-stage behavior was exhibited in the force-depth results after delamination occurred. When the depth was smaller than the threshold value, a linear load-depth relationship was exhibited because the debonded film was suspended over the substrate. Membrane theory was applied to analyze the deflection of the suspended film, and thus the in-plane stress exhibited in the debonded film was evaluated. Through the proposed method, the strain energy release rate of the interface can be directly evaluated by analyzing the force-depth data of the indentation tests.