[Methods of optimizing and objective criteria for evaluating the efficacy of chemo-surgical treatment of malignant epithelial tumors of the ovaries]. / Puti optimizatsii i ob"ektivnye kriterii otsenki éffektivnosti khimiokhiruricheskogo lecheniia zlokachestvennykh épitelial'nykh opukholei iachnikov.

In a group of 811 patients with epithelial malignancies of the ovaries, the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures used were either standard or they involved elements of optimization based on certain objective criteria. The reliability of diagnosis and treatment efficacy in the two subgroups were compared. Stage I-II tumors made up 37.1% of neoplasms diagnosed at regular check-ups and 16.9% of those identified in controls. Duration of relapse-free period was 45.0 and 11.8 months whereas five-year survival rate--42.9% and 20.5%, respectively. Clinically inapparent recurrence was cytologically detected in 29.5% of "actively" followed patients. Additional estrogen and progestin therapy assured an increase in recurrence-free period from 13.5 to 20.6 months in patients with stage III-IV tumors (9.1 and 9.5 months in controls). The efficacy of single-agent and combination chemotherapy in stage III-IV cancer was nearly the same. Adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy administered during the first 2.5-3 years of remission resulted in a 2.2--fold decrease in recurrence rate and a 21.4% rise in five-year survival rate in patients with stage Ia and Ib cancer.

[Evaluation of the role of chemotherapy adjuvant to surgery in patients with cancer of the ovary, 1st stage]. / Otsenka roli dopolnitel'noi k operatsii khimoterapii u bol'nykh rakom iaichnikov I stadii.

The paper discusses the results of a retrospective analysis of the data on the evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery performed in 167 patients with stage I ovarian cancer who were treated at the Institute and Oncological Dispensary in the city of Gomel in 1963-1979. The evaluation was based on the comparison of 5-year survival rates and the frequency of recurrences in the following three study groups: surgery, surgery + chemotherapy and surgery + chemotherapy + prophylactic chemotherapy. It was found that chemotherapy courses given within 2.5-3 years after primary treatment are followed by a nearly two-fold (1.9) drop in recurrence frequency and a 16.6% increase in 5-year survival.

[Nucleic factor in the ascitic fluid in human ovarian tumors]. / Nukleinovyi faktor v astsiticheskoi zhidkosti pri opukholiakh iaichnika cheloveka.

Previously, there was found a low molecular weight 5S DNA in ascitic fluid of rats and mice with experimental tumors. This report shows the presence of the nucleic factor in ascitic fluid of ovarian tumor patients, its electrophoretic mobility methylene blue staining and the affinity to hydroxyapatite being similar to that in animals. Whereas in patients with persistant ascitis of a nontumor origin such factor was not detected.

[Cytomorphological diagnosis of endometrioid neoplasms of the ovary]. / Tsitomorfologicheskaia diagnostika éndometrioidnykh novoobrazovanii iaichnika.

The study was based on examination of cytographs of the Douglas space needle biopsy specimens and histological preparations of the operative material of 150 patients, 19 of them showing ovarian endometriosis. The results of correlating histological and cytological assays for endometrioid ovarian neoplasms are reported, as well as the differential diagnostic signs of these processes.

[Cytological study of the puncture biopsy specimens of the Douglas' pouch for early diagnosis of ovarian tumors]. / Tsitologicheskoe issledovanie punktatov Duglasova prostranstva v rannem raspoznavanii opukholei iaichnikov.

The conducted studies indicated the diagnostic opportunities of a cytologic analysis of exudates and smears from the Douglas space in patients with a suspicion to ovarian tumor. Tumor cells may be present in the peritoneal cavity not only in different stages of malignant ovarian tumors, but also in secernent and proliferating cystadenomas. A correlation between the peritoneal cell content in patients with different forms of ovarian neoplasms and press-smears from the dissected surface of the removed tumors and histological sections indicated the morphological identitiy of tumor elements and enabled the determination of the cytological criteria for the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors prior to surgical intervention.

[Chromosomal aberrations induced by thio-TEPA in cells of malignant ovarian tumors in humans]. / Khromosomnye aberratsii, vyzvannye tioTEF v kletkakh zlokachestvennykh opukholei iaichnikov cheloveka

Chromosome abberations in cells of 4 ovarian cancer patients have been studied prior to and during the treatment with ThioTEPA. ThioTEPA was injected intraperitoneally once a week in a dose of 40 mg. The amount of abberant cells prior to the therapy averaged 7.8%. 14 days following the treatment the amount of cells with chromosome abberations reached its peak (88.6%). By the 21st day of ThioTEPA treatment, when a total dose of the drug was 120 mg, the number of cells with abberations rapidly decreased, and by the 28-35th day of treatment there was a fall up to the initial values. ThioTEPA induced in tumor cells chiefly abberations of chromatoid type that evidenced the injury of cells in a phase G2 of the cellular cycle. A decrease in the number of chromosome abberations in tumor cells during the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs is a morphological indication of the appearance of drug resistance.