[A study of specific electrical conductivity of water by the action of constant magnetic field, electromagnetic field, and low-frequency mechanical vibrations].

The effect of a constant magnetic field, an electromagnetic field, and low-frequency mechanical vibrations on specific electrical conductivity of distilled water was studied. Newly formed (fresh), three-day- and six-day-old distilled water was used. The exposure of distilled water to a constant magnetic field (2.5 mT), electromagnetic field (2.5 mT and 1-100 Hz), low-intensity mechanical vibrations (1-100 Hz) with an intensity of 30 Db led to a reduction of its specific electrical conductivity. It was found that, as water aged, the effect of these factors on the specific electrical conductivity decreased.

[Effect of mechanical stress on lon mutant strain of Escherichia coli K-12]. / Vliianie mekhanicheskikh kolebanii na zhiznedeiatel'nost' lon-mutantnogo shtamma Escherichia coli K-12.

It was found that, depending on their frequency, mechanical vibrations (MVs) can either stimulate (4 Hz) or inhibit (50 Hz) the growth and the division of the lon mutant of Escherichia coli K-12. Similar effects were observed when the MV-treated nutrient medium was inoculated with untreated mutant cells. MVs enhanced the motility of mutant cells and the fragmentation of filament cells always present in the populations of lon mutants.

[A permanent magnetic field alters the phospholipase activity in the snake venom from Vipera lebetina]. / Postoiannoe magnitnoe pole izmeniaet aktivnost' fosfolipaz iada zmei Vipera lebetina.

It was found that at the exposure of Vipera lebetina snakes (during 10 days for 30 min daily) to SMF (0.15 T1) the specific activity of venom phospholipase A1, A2 and phosphodiesterase C increased by 20.6 +/- 2.8; 31.7 +/- 3.2 and 32.7 +/- 1.3% correspondingly. The above mentioned changes of venom enzyme activity were accompanied with the decrease of its total protein amount by 31.6 +/- 2.2%. It could be supposed that the described changes are able to cause significant changes in the total metabolic activity of cells and the organism as a whole.

[The action of infrasound oscillations on the properties of water and of a DNA solution]. / Deistvie infrazvukovykh kolebanii na svoistva vody i rastvora DNK.

The effect of mechanical vibrations (MV) electrical conductivity of water and optical density of aqueous DNA solution. Distilled water was treated with MV of several frequencies from 3 to 5000 Hz with an intensity of 90 dB for 30 minutes. Different sensitivities of water specific electrical conductivity (SEC) were determined (the value of distilled water SEC was 209 +/- 2 microS/m). The greatest decrease of SEC (by 15.7%) under the influence of MV was observed at the frequency of 4 Hz. There was no effect at frequencies higher than 100 Hz. The treatment of DNA water solutions with MV of frequencies 4 and 10 Hz decreased its optical density by 4.2 +/- 1.1 and 4.8 +/- 1.2% correspondingly in comparison with control. In cases of treatment with frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz no effect was observed. The mechanism of MV effect on water can be connected with the changes of system structural characteristics. It is confirmed by experiments with DNA solution, where the decrease of optical density (at 260 nm) under MV treatment is conditioned with the increase of the probability of hydrogen binding formation between the bases.

[The effect of magnetic fields on the growth and division of the lon mutant of Escherichia coli K-12]. / Vliianie magnitnykh polei na rost i delenie lon mutanta Escherichia coli K-12.

It was shown that the static magnetic field (SMF) and electromagnetic field (EMF) caused inhibition of the cell division in Escherichia coli K-12 lon mutant. The low-frequency EMF 4 Hz led to the 20% survival, but EMF at 50 Hz increased the survival of cells up to 53%. After exposure to magnetic field cells lost capacity for division and grow as filaments, unable to form the colonies on the solid media.

[The dehydration action of ketamine on tumorous and normal glandular breast tissues in vitro]. / Degidratatsionnoe deistvie ketamina na opukholevye i normal'nye zhelezistye tkani molochnoi zhelezy in vitro.

The authors studied the effect of the ketamine anesthetic on hydration of tumoral and normal glandular cells and on the binding of labelled ouabain with the tissues in order to reveal changes in the number of active Na-K-ATPase molecules on the cell membrane. Hydration of tumoral and normal cells diminished in one-hour incubation in a solution of narcotic and subnarcotic doses of ketamine based on Tyrode's solution. The binding of ouabain by 3H also sharply reduced in a concentration of 10(-8) M in 30 min incubation, after incubation of pieces of tissues in ketamine, which was also evidence of reduction of the cell volume. This proves that the content of water in the tumoral cells increases and that ketamine in subnarcotic doses exerts a selective effect on tumoral cells.

[Effect of mechanical oscillations in physiological solution on the contractile activity of the snail heart]. / Vliianie mekhanicheskikh kolebanii fiziologicheskogo rastvora na sokratitel'nuiu aktivnost' serdtsa ulitki.

The effect of perfusate on the contractile activity of an isolated internally perfused heart of Helix pomatia was studied. The changes in heart activity induced by the switching of the perfusate stream were more pronounced in a potassium-free solution when the Na+, K(+)-pump was inactivated. It was found that the decrease in the amplitude of contractions of snail heart by acetylcholine (5.10(-9) M) depends on the treatment of perfusate (Ringer solution) by mechanical vibrations (4, 10, 20, and 50 Hz; 90 dB). In the solution treated with 4 Hz mechanical vibrations, the inhibiting effect of acetylcholine decreased. A similar effect was observed after inactivating the Na+, K(+)-pump by ouabain (10(-4) M). Upon treating the solution by 10, 20, and 50 Hz mechanical vibrations, these changes were not observed. Based on the data, it is suggested that the water medium of the cell can serve as a target through which mechanical vibration can affect the cascade of cell metabolic processes.

[The dehydrating action of ketamine on malignant breast tumors]. / O degidratatsionnom deistvii ketamina na zlokachestvennuiu opukhol' molochnoi zhelezy.

The study has been concerned with the influence of the anesthetic drug--ketamine--on hydration processes in normal and tumor glandular tissues as well as the binding of labeled ouabain to tissues, to assay the levels of NaK molecules of ATFase on cell membrane. Cell hydration declined during their incubation with Tyrode's solution-based narcotic and subnarcotic doses of ketamine. Also, a sharp drop in the binding ability of 10(-8) M of 3H-ouabain was observed after tumor tissue incubation with ketamine, which served as another indicator of cell shrinkage. It is suggested that tumor cell hydration level is relatively high and subnarcotic doses of ketamine produce a discriminate effect on tumor tissue.

[Mechanism of anesthetic action of magnetic fields]. / K mekhanizmu anesteticheskogo deistviia magnitnykh polei.

The dehydration effect is suggested as a mechanism of anesthetic action of magnetic fields. After half an hour of in vivo exposure in constant magnetic field of white male rats to SMF 0.2 T the dehydration of brain, kidney and liver tissues were detected, the decrease of ouabain binding in 5.10(-9) M concentration was detected in brain, heart, spleen and liver tissues and it was increased in kidney tissue. With prolongation of the exposure time the dehydration of the whole organism was observed.

[The modulatory action of superlow doses of mediators on the functional activity of the neuronal membrane]. / O moduliatsionnom deistvii sverkhmalykh doz mediatorov na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' neironal'noi membrany.

It was shown that acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid at extremely low concentrations, which do not activate receptor-binding ionic channels, modulate the activity of NA-K-pump and Na:Ca exchange, the intracellular level of cAMP and chemosensitivity of the neuronal membrane. These data provide a new evidence in support for Koshtoiants's enzymochemical hypothesis in which synaptic transmitters are considered to be metabolic modulators for postsynaptic neurones.

[The cross desensitization and modulation of Cl currents activated by gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-glutamate in the isolated neurons of Aplysia]. / Perekrestnaia desensitizatsiia i moduliatsiia Cl-tokov, aktivirovannykh gamma-aminomaslianoi kislotoi i L-glutamatom, u odinochnykh neironov aplizii.

Chlorine conductance gated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamate in the medial pleural neurons of aplysia was studied using voltage clamp technique and a continuous microperfusion system that allowed rapid agonist application. Both GABA and glutamate elicited current responses that rapidly activated and then decayed. Glutamate response could be blocked by perfusion of aspartate or taurine and the GABA current showed voltage dependence. Thus the currents exhibited cross desensitization. It has been found that very low concentrations of acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-14) M) which have no electrophysiologic responses of their own, modulate the response to a constant application of GABA. During cooling the preparation blocked this effect, it is possible to suggest that the small doses of acetylcholine effect the membrane chemosensitivity through the cell biochemical mechanism.

[The functional interrelation between Na/K-pump work, Na/Ca metabolism and the chemosensitivity of the neuronal membrane]. / Funktsional'naia vzaimosviaz' mezhdu rabotoi Na/K-nasosa, Na/Ca-obmenom i khemochuvstvitel'nost'iu neironal'noi membrany.

A correlation between the functions of Na/K-pump, Na/Ca-exchange and chemoreceptors in the membrane has been found. This correlation carries out through intracellular content of cyclic nucleotides. The low doses of transmitters which are unable to activate the chemosensitive ionic channels, have modulatory effect on the above mentioned membrane mechanisms.

[The action of ionizing radiation on neuronal function in the edible snail. Phospholipase A2 and the Na+ and K+ transport systems]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na funktsional'noe sostoianie neironov vinogradnoi ulitki. Fosfolipaza A2 i sistemy transporta Na+ i K+.

A study was made of the influence of A2 phospholipase on 22Na release from cells of nerve ganglia of edible snail. The treatment of nerve ganglia with A2 phospholipase inhibits Na, K-pump of neuronal membranes and does not exert a substantial effects on Na/Ca metabolism. There is a similarity between the effects of ionizing radiation and A2 phospholipase on the release of 22Na from cells.

[The metabolic pathways of concanavalin A action on the chemosensitivity of the neuronal membrane]. / Metabolicheskie puti vozdeistviia konkanavalina A na khemochuvstvitel'nost' membrany neironov.

It has been shown that concanavaline A (Co A) inhibited those acetylcholine (ACh) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses of the membrane of dialyzed snail neurons which were blocked by ouabain. The inhibitory effect of Co A on these responses was removed at 5 degrees C. Co A had no significant influence on ACh responses which were insensitive to ouabain. Co A inhibited ACh-induced 86Rb+ ions efflux from the neurons preliminarily enriched by these ions. Co A has exerted a stimulating effect on the phosphorylation of neuronal membrane fractions. In this case Co A decreased the intracellular cyclic adenozine monophosphate (cAMP) content and increased the intracellular content of cyclic guanozine monophosphate. It is supposed that cAMP-independent membrane phosphorylation underlies the Co A inhibiting effect on the neuronal membrane sensitivity to ACh and GABA.

[The action of alpha-bungarotoxin on the acetylcholine responses of the membrane of snail neurons]. / Deistvie al'fa-bungarotoksina na atsetilkholinovye otvety membrany neironov ulitki.

The effect of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BT) on two types of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced currents distinguished by their desensitization properties was studied on the isolated dialyzed Helix neurons by a concentration clamp method. It was shown that alpha-BT depressed both types of ACh responses and this action was reversible in the majority of experiments. The depressive action of alpha-BT on ACh-induced currents occurred only in the presence of albumin, though albumin itself had no effect on the ACh responses. The concentration dependence of the blocking effect of alpha-BT on ACh-induced currents in both types of neurons was studied. The calculated values of alpha-BT concentration which caused 50% depression of the ACh-induced current were (13.85 +/- 1.25) X 10(-8) and (5.56 +/- 1.0) X 10(-8) g/ml for A and B types of neurons, respectively.

[Effect of ionizing radiation on the chemoreceptive properties of snail giant neurons. Correction by ATP and concanavalin A]. / Deistvie ioniziruiushchei radiatsii na khemoretseptivnye svoistva gigantskikh neironov ulitki. Korrektsiia ATF i konkavalinom A.

Ionizing radiation was shown to reduce the membrane response to acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid and to modify the sensitivity of acetylcholine reactions to ouabain. The possibility was demonstrated of the postirradiation pharmacological correction of the neuronal membrane chemosensitivity by increasing the intracellular concentration of ATP and by the external application of concanavalin A. Possible mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation on the chemoreceptive properties of the neuronal membrane are discussed.

[Effect of x-rays on the pacemaker neurons of Helix pomatia]. / Deistvie rentgenovskogo izlucheniia na ritmovodiashchie neirony vinogradnoi ulitki.

The effect of superlethal doses of ionizing radiation on exciting and electrical properties of giant neurons of the central nervous system of Helix pomatia has been investigated. At early times following irradiation the excitability does not significantly change whereas the membrane potential, resistance and pump-induced hyperpolarization increase. At later times, a stabilization of these parameters is followed by a diminution of resistance, a decrease of membrane potential and pump-induced hyperpolarization, and even the neuron death.