ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the distribution of parotid tumours within the gland in relation to the facial nerve branches. Documentation revealing such a relationship has not been reported previously. METHOD: A prospective study involving 111 patients was carried out over a period of 18 years in a specialist otolaryngology unit within a district general hospital. The relationship of the facial nerve to the tumour was graded into six types. The grading system was then employed to categorize each case. RESULTS: More than two-thirds of the tumours were pleomorphic adenomas. The majority of these were located in the body and not in the tail of the parotid gland. In 50 per cent of these cases, the tumour was in close association with the two major divisions of the facial nerve. In the case of Warthin's tumours, 47 per cent were located in the tail, below the lower division of the facial nerve.
Subject(s)
Adenolymphoma/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Facial Nerve/pathology , Parotid Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Adenolymphoma/surgery , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/surgery , Facial Paralysis/etiology , Facial Paralysis/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parotid Neoplasms/surgery , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Orbital cellulitis is uncommon. It may arise as a sequel to eyelid infection, or from direct spread of infection from the paranasal sinuses; it may be of odontogenic origin and has been reported after meningitis and after nasoorbital fractures with pre-existing sinusitis. Clinically, orbital cellulitis is of great importance, as it is a severe disease with potentially disastrous consequences. It may lead to optic neuritis, optic atrophy, blindness, cavernous sinus thrombosis, superior orbital fissure syndrome, meningitis, subdural empyema, and even death. We report two cases of severe post-traumatic orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal abscesses. These were managed surgically and vision was preserved. We describe the anatomy, a classification of orbital infection, and the importance of multidisciplinary management of these cases.
Subject(s)
Cellulitis/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Skull Fractures/complications , Adult , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/administration & dosage , Cellulitis/classification , Cellulitis/drug therapy , Cellulitis/surgery , Decompression, Surgical , Drainage , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Orbital Diseases/drug therapy , Orbital Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
Thirty-six two-day old male turkey poults were divided into three groups and fed three levels of oxytetracycline; 0, 110 or 440 mg. per kg. of ration, respectively, for nine weeks. The poults were given an oral spectinomycin plus vitamin treatment at the hatchery but were not fed before the start of the experiment. Defecated feces from each group were sampled at weekly intervals and analyzed for bacteriological content, especially for members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Total aerobic counts of 3 x 10(8) and total anaerobic counts of 2 x 10(9) were obtained. The majority of the Enterobacteriaceae were Escherichia coli but some Klebsiella sp., the Bethesda-Ballerup group of paracolon bacteria and Arizona sp. were also isolated. Antibiograms of the enteric isolates indicated that an increase in multiple antibiotic resistance occurred when increased amounts of antibiotic were fed.