Hybrids of thiazolidinone with 1,2,3-triazole derivatives: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, in silico studies, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET profiling.

A new series of thiazolidinone linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids 5a-h was designed and synthesized using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) between thiazolidinone linked alkyne and aromatic azides. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by NMR (1H and 13C) and HRMS. The targeted thiazolidinone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, including fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), lung carcinoma (A-549), and breast carcinoma (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliun bromide (MTT). The obtained data showed that most of these compounds have moderate anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values between 10.26 ± 0.71 and 53.93 ± 1.20 µM. The compound 5a exhibited higher activity with an IC50 value of 10.26 ± 0.71 µM, compared to 5d with an IC50 value of 11.56 ± 1.98 µM for the HT-1080 and MCF-7 cancer cells line, respectively. Moreover, Annexin-V apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry for hybrid compounds 5a and 5d against HT-1080 and MCF-7 competitor cell lines, as they increase the level of active caspase 3/7. The experimental results were further confirmed by docking studies followed by molecular dynamic simulations. Both the potent derivatives i.e. 5a and 5d have comparable docking scores and MD simulations results showed that the docked complex of 5a is somewhat more stable than 5d primarily for protein p53. The ADMET profile of both derivatives established their safety zone and drug-like potential.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of some (R)-carvone-isoxazoline derivatives on human fibrosarcoma and carcinoma cells: experimental evaluation for cytotoxicity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies.

This study aimed to analyze the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of isoxazoline derivatives with monoterpene scaffold 9a-e in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma, and A-549 lung carcinoma. The cytotoxic effects data revealed that compounds 9a-e generally induced significant cell growth inhibition in all cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 10 to 30 µM. However, for compounds 9c and 9e, the IC50 reached a value of 100 µM in HT-1080 cells. Compounds 9a, 9b, and 9d could induce apoptosis in HT-1080 cells as demonstrated by Annexin-V labeling and Caspase-3/7 activity. The apoptotic effect was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the S phase. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics confirmed the empirical assay results and confirmed the stability of the complex with the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein, leading to cancer cell death. Overall, these data suggest that the proposed isoxazoline derivatives may be potential candidates for further investigation to evaluate their efficacy and optimal use in cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Chemical profiling, cytotoxic activities through apoptosis induction in human fibrosarcoma and carcinoma cells, and molecular docking of some 1,2,3-triazole-isoxazoline hybrids using the eugenol as a precursors.

In this research paper, we report the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives in a unique 7a-g or hybrid form with isoxazoline 8a-g using the eugenol as a precursor in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma, and A-549 lung carcinoma. Data obtained on the cytotoxic effects have shown that hybrid compounds 8a-e induced a significant anticancer activity and are more important than the ones of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 7a-g with IC50 ranging from 18 to 43 µM for the hybrids 8a-e and from 15 to 29 µM for mono-adducts 7a-g in all cell lines. Concerning the apoptotic study, compounds 7b and 8a can induce apoptosis in HT-1080 and A-549 cells as revealed by Annexin-V labeling and caspase-3/7 activity, also, the apoptotic effect was accompanied by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in the case of compounds 7b and 8a. Both compounds were evaluated in-silico through molecular docking and molecular dynamics and compound 8a is very active against Bcl-2 protein triggering apoptosis phenomenon by intrinsic pathway, therefore compound 8a is a potential candidate to inhibit the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

New 1,3,4-thiadiazoles derivatives: synthesis, antiproliferative activity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics.

Aim: A series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole himachalene hybrids were prepared from the treatment of a himachalen-4-one thiosemicarbazone derivative with N-aryl-C-ethoxycarbonyl-nitrilimines and diarylnitrilimines via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Materials & methods: The structures were confirmed by NMR, IR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). Results & conclusion: The newly synthesized hybrid compounds were tested for their in vitro antitumor activities against a panel of cancer cell lines including fibrosarcoma (HT-1080), lung carcinoma (A-549) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Among the tested products, 4a showed excellent activity against the HT-1080 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 11.18 ± 0.69 and 12.38 ± 0.63 µm, comparable to that of the reference drug. Docking results confirmed that the active inhibitors were well accumulated in the mushroom tyrosinase active site. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that hybrid 4a induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Molecular modeling studies affirmed the intercalative binding of compound 4a in the active site.

Newly synthesized (R)-carvone-derived 1,2,3-triazoles: structural, mechanistic, cytotoxic and molecular docking studies.

In the current study, natural (R)-carvone was used as starting material for the efficient synthesis of several 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The produced products were obtained in good yields and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS analysis. The newly synthesized monoterpenic 1,2,3-triazole 4 and derivatives were analyzed by viability tests (MTT) for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cells. Product 5 showed a medium antitumor activity, for which the IC50 values against selected cells HT-1080, A-549 and MCF-7 were 29.25 µM, 31.62 µM and 26.02 µM, respectively. The regioselectivity of the condensation reaction and the molecular structure of the title compounds were determined by Density Functional Theory (DFT) using B3LYP calculations at 6-311 + G(d,p) level. The orbitals HOMO and LUMO were studied to determine the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. In addition, the global reactivity indices were used to explain the regioselectivity for the formation of compound 6, and the theoretical results agree well with the experimental results. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics confirmed the empirical test results and confirmed the stability of the complex during inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein for killing cancer cells. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

New bis-isoxazole with monoterpenic skeleton: regioselective synthesis, spectroscopic investigation, electrochemical, and density functional theory (DFT) studies.

A novel bis-isoxazole was synthesized from (R)-Carvone and p-methylbenzaldoxime, via two successive [3+2] cycloaddition reactions (32CA). The newly obtained bis-isoxazole has been fully characterized by HRMS and NMR spectroscopy. The HMBC experiment was performed to determine the stereo and the regioselectivity of the reaction. The electrochemical behavior of the studied compound, in oxidation and reduction processes, was examined using the cyclic voltammetry technique. In addition, the regioselectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction and the molecular structure of the title compound was performed by density functional theory (DFT). The HOMO and LUMO orbitals were investigated to determine the electronic properties of the synthesized compound. Besides, the global reactivity indexes were used to explain the regioselectivity for the formation of the bis-isoxazole, the theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental findings.

Design, Hemiysnthesis, crystal structure and anticancer activity of 1, 2, 3-triazoles derivatives of totarol.

A new series of diverse triazoles linked to the hydroxyl group of totarol were synthesized using click chemistry approach. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by HRMS, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 3 g was also confirmed by x-ray single crystal diffraction. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by the MTT method against four cancer cell lines, including fibrosarcoma HT-1080, lung carcinoma A-549 and breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and the results indicated that all compounds showed weak to moderate activities against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 14.44 to 46.25 µM. On the basis of our research the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were discussed. This work provides some important hints for further structural modification of totarol towards developing novel and highly effective anticancer drugs respectively. It is interesting to note that compound 3 g indicated a very significant cytotoxicity against HT-1080 and A-549 cell lines. The molecular docking showed that compound 3 g activated the caspase-3 and inhibited tubulin by forming stable protein-ligand complexes.

Unveiling the Different Chemical Reactivity of Diphenyl Nitrilimine and Phenyl Nitrile Oxide in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions with (R)-Carvone through the Molecular Electron Density Theory.

The [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of diphenyl nitrilimine and phenyl nitrile oxide with (R)-carvone have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). Electron localisation function (ELF) analysis of these three-atom-components (TACs) permits its characterisation as carbenoid and zwitterionic TACs, thus having a different reactivity. The analysis of the conceptual Density Functional Theory ( DFT) indices accounts for the very low polar character of these 32CA reactions, while analysis of the DFT energies accounts for the opposite chemoselectivity experimentally observed. Topological analysis of the ELF along the single bond formation makes it possible to characterise the mechanisms of these 32CA reactions as cb- and zw-type. The present MEDT study supports the proposed classification of 32CA reactions into pdr-, pmr-, cb- and zw-type, thus asserting MEDT as the theory able to explain chemical reactivity in Organic Chemistry.

Crystal structure of (R)-5-[(R)-3-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-5-methyl-4,5-di-hydro-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-methyl-cyclo-hex-2-enone.

The title compound, C17H18ClNO2, was prepared and isolated as a pure diastereoisomer, using column chromatography followed by a succession of fractional crystallizations. Its exact structure was fully identified via 1H NMR and confirmed by X-ray diffraction. It is built up from a central five-membered di-hydro-isoxazole ring to which a p-chloro-phenyl group and a cyclo-hex-2-enone ring are attached in the 3 and 5 positions. The cyclo-hex-2-one and isoxazoline rings each exhibit an envelope conformation. The crystal packing features C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N and C-H⋯π inter-actions, which generate a three-dimensional network.

Crystal structure of 2-isopropyl-4-meth-oxy-5-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzene-sulfonate.

The title compound, C18H22O4S, an hemisynthetic product, was obtained by the tosyl-ation reaction of the naturally occurring meroterpene p-meth-oxy-thymol. The mol-ecule comprises a tetra-substitued phenyl ring linked to a toluene-sulfonate through one of its O atoms. In the crystal, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network.

Crystal structure of dimethyl 2-((2Z,5Z)-5-(2-meth-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl-idene)-2-{(E)-[2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclo-hex-2-enyl-idene]hydrazinyl-idene}-4-oxo-thia-zolidin-3-yl)fumarate.

The crystal structure and the conformation of the title compound, C22H27N3O7S, were determined from the synthetic pathway and by X-ray analysis. This compound is a new 4-thia-zolidinone derivative prepared and isolated as pure product from thio-semicarbazone carvone. The mol-ecule is built up from an oxo-thia-zolidine ring tetra-substituted by a meth-oxy-oxo-ethyl-idene, a maleate, an oxygen and a cyclo-hexyl-idene-hydrazone. The cyclo-hexyl-idene ring is statistically disordered over two positions, resulting in an inversion of configuration for the substituted carbon.

Crystal structure of (1S,3R,8R,9R)-2,2-di-chloro-3,7,7-tri-methyl-10-methylenetri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodecan-9-ol.

The title compound, C16H24Cl2O, was synthesized by treating (1S,3R,8S,9R,10S)-2,2-di-chloro-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-9,10-ep-oxy-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodecane with a concentrated solution of hydro-bromic acid. It is built up from three fused rings: a cyclo-heptane ring, a cyclo-hexyl ring bearing alkene and hy-droxy substituents, and a cyclo-propane ring bearing two chlorine atoms. The asymmetric unit contains two mol-ecules linked by an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, further O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds build up an R 4 (4)(8) cyclic tetra-mer. One of the mol-ecules presents disorder that affects the seven-membered ring. In both mol-ecules, the six-membered rings display a chair conformation, whereas the seven-membered rings display conformations inter-mediate between boat and twist-boat for the non-disordered mol-ecule and either a chair or boat and twist-boat for the disordered mol-ecule owing to the disorder. The absolute configuration for both mol-ecules is 1S,3R,8R,9R and was deduced from the chemical pathway and further confirmed by the X-ray structural analysis.

Crystal structure of (1S,3R,8R,10S)-2,2-di-chloro-10-hy-droxy-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodecan-9-one.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H24Cl2O2, contains two independent mol-ecules (A and B) which are built from three fused rings, viz. a seven-membered heptane ring, a six-membered cyclo-hexyl ring bearing a ketone and an alcohol group, and a cyclo-propane ring bearing two Cl atoms. In the crystal, the two mol-ecules are linked via two O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an A-B dimer with an R 2 (2)(10) ring motif. The A mol-ecules of these dimers are linked via a C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming chains propagating along the a-axis direction. Both mol-ecules have the same absolute configuration, i.e. 1S,3R,8R,10S, which is based on the synthetic pathway and further confirmed by resonant scattering [Flack parameter = 0.03 (5)].

Crystal structure of (1R,2S,4R,7R,8S,9R)-3,3-dichloro-8,9-epoxy-4,8,12,12-tetramethyltricyclo[5.5.0.0(2,4)]dodecane.

The title compound, C16H24Cl2O, is built up from two fused six- and seven-membered rings which bear a di-chloro-cyclo-propane group and an ep-oxy group, respectively. In the mol-ecule, the six-membered ring adopts an envelope configuration with the C atom linking the ep-oxy ring at the flap, while the seven-membered ring adopts a boat-sofa conformation.

Crystal structure of (1R,3S,8R,11R)-11-acetyl-3,7,7-trimethyl-10-oxatri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodecan-9-one.

The title compound, C16H24O3, is built up from three fused rings, a six-membered, a seven-membered and a three-membered ring. The absolute configuration of the title compound was determined as (1R,3S,8R,11R) based on the synthetic pathway. The six-membered ring has an half-chair conformation whereas the seven-membered ring displays a boat conformation. In the cyrstal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds build up a two-dimensional network parallel to (0 0 1). The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a minor twin component of 34%.

(4bS,8aS)-1-Isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octa-hydro-phenan-thren-2-yl benzoate.

The title compound, C27H34O2, was hemisynthesized through direct benzoyl-ation of the naturally occurring meroterpene totarol. The central fused six-membered ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the terminal six-membered ring displays a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the fused benzene ring and the benzoyl benzene ring is 73.05 (14)°. The S,S chirality of the mol-ecule is consistent with the synthetic pathway, and confirmed by the refinement of the Flack parameter.

(1S,3S,8R,9S,10R)-9,10-Ep-oxy-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodeca-ne.

The title compound, C16H26O, was synthesized by treating (1S,3S,8R)-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodec-9-ene with meta-chloro-perbenzoic acid. The mol-ecule is built up from two fused six- and seven-membered rings. The six-membered ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the seven-membered ring displays a boat conformation. In the crystal, there are no significant intermolecular interactions present.

(4bS,8aS)-1-Isopropyl-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octa-hydro-phenan-thren-2-yl acetate.

The hemisynthesis of the title compound, C22H32O2, was carried out through direct acetyl-ation reaction of the naturally occurring diterpene totarol [systematic name: (4bS,8aS)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexa-hydro-phen-an-thren-2-ol]. The mol-ecule is built up from three fused six membered rings, one saturated and two unsaturated. The central unsaturated ring has a half-chair conformation, whereas the other unsaturated ring displays a chair conformation. The absolute configuration is deduced from the chemical pathway. The value of the Hooft parameter [-0.10 (6)] allowed this absolute configuration to be confirmed.

(1R,3S,8R)-3,7,7,10-Tetra-methyl-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodec-9-en-11-one.

The absolute configuration of the title compound, C16H24O, has been deduced from the chemical pathway. The six-membered ring has a roughly half-chair conformation with the quaternary C atom as the flap. The seven-membered ring displays a chair conformation. In the crystal, there is a weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the methyl-ene group of the cyclo-propane ring and the carbonyl group of a screw-axis-related mol-ecule, which builds up a zigzag-like chain along the b-axis direction.

Absolute configuration of (1R,3S,8R,11R)-3,7,7,10-tetra-methyl-tri-cyclo-[6.4.0.0(1,3)]dodec-9-en-11-ol.

The absolute configuration of the title compound, C16H26O, was determined as (1R,3S,8R,11R) based mainly on the synthetic pathway but is also implied by the X-ray analysis. The mol-ecule contains fused six- and seven-membered rings. Part of the seven-membered ring was refined as disordered over two sets of sites with the occupancy ratio fixed at 0.86:0.14. The disorder corresponds to a major chair conformation and a minor boat conforation. In the crysyal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol-ecules into chains parallel to the a axis.