Bariatric surgery outcomes in patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorders.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with many co-morbidities and can cause harm to physical and mental well-being. While much has been studied in the general population about the outcomes of bariatric surgery, its implications in patients with bipolar/schizoaffective disorder (BSD) are less well understood. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with BSD. SETTING: Referral center for bariatric surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review analysis of bariatric surgical procedures in patients with BSD between 2008 and 2021 at Mayo Clinic. Patients with BSD (cases) were matched via propensity score matching (1:2) with non-BSD controls based on surgical procedure, age, sex, body mass index, and type 2 diabetes. Hierarchical logistic regression model was performed using SAS software. RESULTS: We matched 71 patients with BSD with 142 controls in a 1:2 ratio. After adjusting for baseline preoperative weight, patients with BSD had a 3.4% greater total weight loss compared with controls over 24 months (P = .02 [95% CI, .65-6.08]). Remission in obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea, was similar in both groups. Perioperative complication rates were similar other than deep venous thrombosis, which showed a higher rate in patients with BSD (P = .04). Patients with long-term BSD were at increased risk of alcohol use compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with the general bariatric population, weight loss was similar to slightly improved, with a comparable risk and complication profile. Patients with BSD have increased alcohol use after bariatric surgery, highlighting the need for psychological care before and after surgery in this population.

Safety and Efficacy of Revisional Surgery as a Treatment for Malnutrition after Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition after bariatric operation is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The safety and efficacy of revisional bariatric operation in malnourished patients are not well elucidated. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent revisional bariatric operation for severe malnutrition at our institution between 2008 and 2020. Associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with dichotomous outcomes of interest were examined using Fisher's exact tests, Cochran-Armitage tests for trend, and two-sample t -tests when appropriate. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients underwent revisional bariatric operation for malnutrition from 2008 and 2020. The median follow-up was 24 months. The anatomy before revision was Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 40, 75%), biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (n = 6, 11%), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 4, 8%), and mini gastric bypass (n = 3, 6%). The percentage of patients requiring supplemental or total nutritional support decreased from 89% preoperatively (47% on enteral feedings and 42% on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with or without tube feeding) to 13.2% at the last encounter after revision (7.5% still requiring enteral feedings and 5.7% on TPN). There was an association between the number of prior abdominal operations and postoperative pneumonia (p 0.03) and need for blood transfusion (p 0.01). There were no associations between major complications or last encounter nutrition and any preoperative variables other than age at the time of operation. There were 2 mortalities during a median follow-up of 24 months, and both occurred more than 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Revisional operation for severely malnourished bariatric operation patients is effective in the discontinuation of supportive nutrition. Postoperative complications are increased but not prohibitive.

Hepatocellular carcinoma as predominant cancer subgroup accounting for sex differences in post-hepatectomy liver failure, morbidity and mortality.

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence suggests sex dependent differences in liver regeneration. Limited evidence is available examining sex differences in post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and postoperative outcomes. Our aim was to assess the influence of sex on the outcomes after liver resection. METHODS: The hepatectomy targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was assessed for associations between sex and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 13,401 patients underwent elective hepatic resection between 2014-2017. PHLF was highest among male patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (OR = 2.81,95%CI:1.40-5.62). Male sex was independently associated with increased PHLF (OR = 1.47,95%CI:1.15-1.88), major complications (OR = 1.25,95%CI:1.08-1.45), mortality (OR = 1.61,95%CI:1.03-2.50), and if only major resections were assessed (OR = 1.38,95%CI:1.03-1.84). Diagnosis specific subgroup analyses revealed that effects of sex were predominantly HCC associated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest series investigating the effects of gender on outcomes after hepatic resection. We documented that women undergoing liver resection have significantly lower risk of PHLF. This difference seemed influenced by the striking increase of PHLF in male HCC patients. These hypothesis suggest that sex might play a role in preoperative risk stratification.

Contemporary outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and precancerous cystic lesions.

BACKGROUND: The decision to undertake pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and precancerous lesions has historically relied on outcomes data from operations for cancer. We aimed to describe risks for these specific patients and identify the highest risk groups. METHODS: The ACS-NSQIP pancreatic targeted data was queried for pancreaticoduodenectomies for benign and pre-cancerous neoplasms from 2014 to 2018. Baseline characteristics, operative techniques and outcomes were examined. Multivariate regression was performed to identify predictors of major complications. RESULTS: 748 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for (n = 541,72.3%) IPMN, (n = 87,11.6%) MCN, (n = 78,10.4%) serous cystadenoma, and (n = 42,5.6%) solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Median LOS was 8 days. Major complications (n = 135,18.0%), non-home discharges (n = 83,11.1%) and readmissions (n = 153,20.5%) occurred frequently. In patients ≥ 80 years of age (n = 37), major complications (n = 11,29.7%) and non-home discharge (n = 9,24.3%) were quite common. 5-item modified frailty index ≥ 0.4 (OR 1.84,95%CI 1.06-3.19,p = 0.030), Male sex (OR 1.729,95%CI 1.152-2.595,p = 0.008), Age ≥ 65 (OR 1.63,95%CI 1.05-2.54,p = 0.29) and African-American race (OR 2.50,95%CI 1.22-5.16,p = 0.013) were independent predictors of major morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreaticoduodenectomies in this setting have high rates of major complications. Morbidity extends beyond the index hospitalization, with frequent readmission and non-home discharge. Patient specific factors, rather than technical or disease factors predicted outcomes. In certain patients, particularly those older than 80, the morbidity of this operation may exceed the cancer prevention benefits.

Successful management and technical aspects of major liver resection in children: A retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT: Optimal treatment of patients with various types of liver tumors or certain liver diseases frequently demands major liver resection, which remains a clinical challenge especially in children.Eighty seven consecutive pediatric liver resections including 51 (59%) major resections (resection of 3 or more hepatic segments) and 36 (41%) minor resections (resection of 1 or 2 segments) were analyzed. All patients were treated between January 2010 and March 2018. Perioperative outcomes were compared between major and minor hepatic resections.The male to female ratio was 1.72:1. The median age at operation was 20 months (range, 0.33-150 months). There was no significant difference in demographics including age, weight, ASA class, and underlying pathology. The surgical management included functional assessment of the future liver remnant, critical perioperative management, enhanced understanding of hepatic segmental anatomy, and bleeding control, as well as refined surgical techniques. The median estimated blood loss was 40 ml in the minor liver resection group, and 90 ml in major liver resection group (P < .001). Children undergoing major liver resection had a significantly longer median operative time (80 vs 140 minutes), anesthesia time (140 vs 205 minutes), as well as higher median intraoperative total fluid input (255 vs 450 ml) (P < .001 for all). Fourteen (16.1%) patients had postoperative complications. By Clavien-Dindo classification, there were 8 grade I, 4 grade II, and 2 grade III-a complications. There were no significant differences in complication rates between groups (P = .902). Time to clear liquid diet (P = .381) and general diet (P = .473) was not significantly different. There was no difference in hospital length of stay (7 vs 7 days, P = .450). There were no 90-day readmissions or mortalities.Major liver resection in children is not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications or prolonged postoperative hospital stay compared to minor liver resection. Techniques employed in this study offered good perioperative outcomes for children undergoing major liver resections.

Economic burden and clinical impact of preoperative opioid dependence for patients undergoing lower extremity bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Surgeons' prescription practices and the opioid epidemic have received significant attention in the media. Limited data exist, however, on the impact of prior or coexistent opioid use on vascular surgery outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, economic burden, and clinical impact of pre-existing opioid dependency in patients undergoing lower extremity bypass (LEB) surgery. METHODS: Data were collected from 1,132,645 weighted (230,858 unweighted) patient admissions for LEB in the National Inpatient Sample for the years 2002 to 2015. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of opioid abuse or dependency were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Matched cohorts of patients with (n = 606 unweighted) and without (n = 32,343 unweighted) opioid dependence were created using coarsened exact matching to control for patient demographics. Linear regression was used to control for hospital-level factors and to identify differential outcomes for patients with opioid dependency. Our primary end points were hospital cost and length of stay. Our secondary end points were surgical complications and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: There were 1,132,645 (230,858 unweighted) patient admissions for LEB in the National Inpatient Sample during 2002 to 2015. There were 3190 (0.3%) patients (643 unweighted) who had a diagnosis of pre-existing opioid dependency. The incidence of opioid dependency rose over time (2002, 0.13%; 2015, 0.63%; R2 = 0.90; P < .001). Before matching, opioid-dependent patients were younger (53.9 ± 12.3 years vs 66.7 ± 12.1 years; P < .001) and more likely to be male (65.2% vs 61.9%; P < .001), to be nonwhite (37.9% vs 24.1%; P < .001), to pay with Medicaid (29.6% vs 7.4%; P < .001), and to fall in the lowest income quartile based on ZIP code (39.6% vs 27.5%; P < .001). After matching, opioid-dependent patients (n = 606 unweighted vs n = 32,343 unweighted nonopioid-dependent patients) were at increased risk of surgical site infections (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; P = .006), major bleeding (OR, 1.56; P = .04), acute kidney injury (OR, 1.46; P = .02), and deep venous thrombosis (OR, 2.53; P = .005). Linear regression of matched cohorts revealed that opioid-dependent patients had an increased length of hospital stay (11.76 days vs 9.80 days; P < .001) and an increased mean inflation-adjusted in-hospital cost of U.S. $7032 ($37,522 vs $30,490; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pre-existing opioid dependency in patients undergoing LEB continues to rise. Patients with opioid use disorder undergoing LEB surgery have substantial increases in length of hospital stay and costs. These findings highlight the importance of early preoperative recognition of this disorder in vascular surgery patients and open the opportunity for early intervention in that cohort.

Avocado-related knife injuries: Describing an epidemic of hand injury.

INTRODUCTION: Recent media reports have described knife injuries sustained while preparing avocados; however, this rise has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study is to describe, quantify, and trend emergency department (ED) encounters associated with avocado-related knife injuries. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for avocado-related knife injuries from 1998 to 2017. Patient demographic and injury data was collected and analyzed to describe trends in incidence, patient demographics, and injury patterns associated with an ED encounter for an avocado-related knife injury. RESULTS: There were an estimated 50,413 (95% Confidence Interval: 46,333-54,492) avocado-related knife injuries from 1998 to 2017. The incidence of avocado-related knife injuries increased over this time period (1998-2002 = 3143; 2013-2017 = 27,059). This increase correlated closely with a rise in avocado consumption in the U.S. (Pearson's Correlation: 0.934, p < 0.001) Women comprised 80.1% of injuries. The most common demographic injured were 23 to 39-year old females (32.7%), while the least common was males under the age of 17 (0.9%). Most ED presentations occurred on Saturdays (15.9%) or Sundays (19.9%) and the majority occurred during the months of April through July (45.6%). Injuries were much more common on the left (and likely non-dominant) hand. CONCLUSION: Avocado-related knife injuries are a preventable cause of hand injury. The incidence has risen significantly in recent years, possibly due to an increased consumption of avocados in the United States. Education on safe avocado preparation techniques and public safety initiatives, such as warning labels, could help prevent serious injuries in the future.

Technical success and short-term outcomes after treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis with the ClotTriever system: A preliminary experience.

BACKGROUND: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may be associated with significant pain, swelling and the development of post-thrombotic syndrome. Early clot removal is facilitated by the use of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy devices. Current techniques, however, vary in rates of technical success and in some cases are limited by the concomitant need for thrombolytics. An alternative percutaneous venous thrombectomy system (ClotTriever, Inari Medical, Irvine, Calif) may be helpful in the management of lower extremity DVT without the concomitant use of thrombolytics. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients treated for DVT using the device was conducted. Demographics, initial presentation, and perioperative course were recorded. Outcomes after treatment were extracted from clinical records. Technical success was defined as complete clot evacuation after intervention. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included in the study. The cohort was 50% female (6 patients) with a mean age of 55.6 years (range, 32-86 years). Two patients (16.7%) presented with chronic asymptomatic DVT who developed symptoms from an acute, recurrent iliofemoral DVT over the days before presentation. One patient (8.4%) presented with phlegmasia cerulea dolens, with the remaining patients presenting with disabling pain and swelling. Access was obtained via the popliteal vein (11 patients) and small saphenous vein (1 patient). Lytic therapy was not used in any case. Complete clot evacuation was obtained in all patients in a single session without repeat interventions. Symptom resolution before discharge was achieved in 100% of cases. There was no incidence of postoperative anemia (mean hemoglobin, 10.7 g/dL preoperatively vs 10.4 g/dL postoperatively) or acute kidney failure (mean creatinine, 0.86 mg/dL preoperatively vs 0.81 mg/dL postoperatively). The average length of stay was 2 days (range, 1-4 days) without the need for intensive care admission. At early follow-up, 11 patients (91.7%) continued to report significant symptom resolution. Two of 10 patients (20%) developed recurrent occlusive DVTs on follow-up duplex ultrasound examination. CONCLUSIONS: This novel percutaneous venous thrombectomy system is safe and effective for removing large volumes of lower extremity acute thrombus in a single session, without the need for lytic therapy, intensive care unit admission, or repeat intervention. Further studies are warranted to determine mid-term and long-term outcomes.

Surgical resection for suppurative thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein after radiofrequency ablation.

Radiofrequency ablation has become one of the most commonly used interventions in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. It is performed with minimal analgesic use, tolerable postprocedural pain, and prompt return to activities of daily living. Typical complications, though rare, include failure of total venous occlusion, deep venous thrombosis, skin hyperpigmentation, infection, and skin burn. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed suppurative thrombophlebitis with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, requiring surgical resection.

Motorized scooter injuries in the era of scooter-shares: A review of the national electronic surveillance system.

INTRODUCTION: There has been a spike in recent news regarding motorized scooter injuries due to the expansion of scooter sharing companies. Given the paucity of literature on this topic, the purpose of our study was to describe and quantify emergency department encounters associated with motorized scooter related injuries. METHODS: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for motorized scooter related injuries from 2013 to 2017. Patient demographics, diagnosis, injury location, narrative description of incident, and disposition data were collected from emergency department encounters. RESULTS: There were an estimated 32,400 motorized scooter injuries from 2013 to 2017. The estimated incidence did not change significantly over time with 1.9 cases per 100,000 in 2013 and 2.6 cases per 100,000 in 2017. A 77.0% increase in scooter injuries was noted for millennials from 2016 to 2017. Head injuries were the most common body area injured (27.6%). Fractures or dislocations (25.9%) were the most common diagnosis. The most common site of fracture was the wrist and lower arm (35.4%). There were no deaths. Major orthopaedic injury and concussion were the strongest independent predictors of hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: Head injuries were the most commonly injured body part, while fractures or dislocations were the most common diagnosis. These results highlight the importance of using protective equipment while riding motorized scooters, and lay a foundation for future policies requiring helmet use.

The Impact of Preoperative Opioid Use Disorder on Complications and Costs following Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple studies have demonstrated that patients taking opioids in the preoperative period are at elevated risk for complications following total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty. However, the incidence and impact of opioid use disorder (OUD) among these patients-both clinically and fiscally-remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate this relationship. METHODS: The Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was used to identify patients undergoing THA and TKA from 2011 to 2015. Coarsened exact matching was used to statistically match the OUD and non-OUD cohorts. Further analysis was then conducted on matched cohorts with multivariate analysis. The incidence of OUD was also determined, and the costs associated with this comorbidity were calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of OUD in arthroplasty patients increased 80% over the study period. OUD patients had higher odds of prosthetic joint infection (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23-1.94), wound complication (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.76), prosthetic complication (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.70), and revision surgery (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19-1.81). OUD patients also had longer length of stays (TKA: +0.67 days; THA: +1.09 days), higher readmission (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.43-1.79), and increased 90-day costs (TKA: +$3,602 [95% CI $3,138-4,065]; THA: +4,527 [95% CI $3,593-4,920). CONCLUSION: Opioid use disorder is becoming a more common comorbidity among THA and TKA patients. This is concerning as it represents a significant risk factor for postoperative complication. It additionally confers increased perioperative costs. Patients with OUD should be counseled on their elevated risk, and future work will be needed to determine if this is a modifiable risk factor.

Determinants of Length of Stay After Operative Treatment for Femur Fractures.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the determinants of length of stay (LOS) for patients surgically treated for femur fractures. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Urban Level I Trauma Center. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred twenty-one patients operatively treated for femur fractures between July 12, 2015 and July 12, 2016. INTERVENTION: Intramedullary nailing, open reduction internal fixation, arthroplasty, or other (percutaneous screw or multiple hardware/technique) definitive fixation of femur fracture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Hospital LOS. RESULTS: Median LOS was 6.43 days (range 1-76 days). Patients were divided into 2 groups: LOS ≥6 days (n = 171) and LOS <6 days (n = 150). Univariate analysis revealed several preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors associated with extended LOS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated frailty [odds ratio (OR), 20.58], medical complications (OR, 20.09), an upper extremity injury (OR, 9.97), an ipsilateral lower extremity injury (OR, 6.34), time to definitive fixation (OR, 2.12), time to first physical therapy visit (OR, 1.77), and Injury Severity Score (OR, 1.14) were independent predictors of LOS. CONCLUSIONS: By understanding the determinants of LOS for patients with femur fracture, high-risk patients can be identified and interventions can be enacted. Earlier fixation and aggressive management of medical complications may decrease patients' LOS. Patients who meet frailty criteria under the Modified Frailty Index are at a twenty-fold increased risk of staying longer than 6 days after having a femur fracture. By identifying these patients on admission, strategies can be devised to reduce their LOS and economic burden. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.